what animal did pavlov work with
dogs
what fluid did pavlov work with
dogs saliva
what is the unconditioned response
salivation to the food
what is the unconditioned stimulus
food
what was the aim of Pavlovs study
to study how the cerebral cortex works in making associations and to look for a mechanism linking reflexes to the cerebral cortex
what did pavlov do to reduce stress and harm to the dogs
restrain them to a harm and isolate them from all distractions
how did they complete the experiment
an experimenter sat behind a one way mirror and gave the dog food
a tube then carried saliva from the dogs cheek to be measured
how did they ensure there was no distractions and therefore increase validity
windows had extra thick glass
double steel doors
steel girders that supported the building where buried in sand
moat filled with straw encircling the building
what’s neutral stimuli did pavlov use
metronome , bell and buzzer
How did he condition a response to the metronome
Just before placing the food into the dogs mouth he played the metronome therefore after a while the dog salivated at the sound of the metronome because he expected food
pavlov used the same classical conditioning procedure to condition dogs to salivate to…
light , touch and a circle
what was the results of Pavlovs experiment
dogs would only salivate when the metronome was presented before the food not afterwards
the dog had to be alert
the dogs showed stimulus generalisation to tones of similar sound but they could discriminate tones that were very different
results weren’t very reliable as two dogs produced opposing results
what are the points for high generalisability for Pavlov
Watson and Raynor classically conditioned fear into little Albert - pavlovs findings can then be generalised to humans which supports evolutionary continuity and says we are quantitatively the same - same neurotransmitters and basic hormones
what are the low generalisability points for pavlov
humans have a more developed cerebral cortex - findings into learning through association cannot be generalised to humans
socially humans are more complex - relationships and personalities - therefore results cannot be applied
what is the high reliability point for Pavlov
it is in a strict and controlled setting and standardised procedures were followed- food was given after metronome sounded - therefore we can repeat the test to check for consistency
what are the high application points for Pavlov
aversion therapy has been used when smoking it makes you sick - overcome addiction to have a better quality of life and NHS aren’t over subscribed
advertisements associate their product with a positive stimuli - benefit in terms of profit
systematic desensitisation - counter condition a learned fear response with a relaxation response - better quality of life and NHS do not have to supply so much medicine
what are the high validity points for Pavlov
objective measurements were used - free from bias so more accurate
control of extraneous variables - sound proofing - more likely to establish causality - increase internal validity
what are low validity points for Pavlov
took naturalness out of the situation - lacks ecological validity - not representative of real life
no objective measures of brain activity - assumptions were made about cerebral cortex - does not measure aim
what are low ethics points for Pavlov
many dogs died after unnecessary procedures - would not meet current scientific act
operated on animals and cut into their cheeks - shouldn’t harm animals as they are sentient beings and feel pain which is unfair
dogs were kept in cages when they are sociable - makes them distressed- affect validity
lack of desensitisation - lack of intervention to reduce conditioning - low quality of life
what is the unconditioned stimulus pavlov
food
what is the unconditioned response pavlov
salivation
what is the neutral stimulus pavlov
metronome/bell
what is the conditioned stimulus pavlov
metronome
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week 1 and 2 key assumptions and animal ethics45
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week 3 - observations31
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week 4 pavlov25
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classical conditioning22
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phobias - flooding and systematic desensitisation41
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little albert20
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capafons18
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operant conditioning29
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social leanring thoery17
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bandura 196121
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bandura 196319
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bandura 196517
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individual differences8
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developmental19
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key question - anorexia19
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practical12
