Prokaryotic cells
- DNA not bound by membrane wall
- smaller than Eukaryotes
- 70 s ribosomes
- Binary Fission
- contains both Bacteria and Archaea
Eukaryotes
Larger than Prokaryotes
- membrane bound organelles
- contains a nucleus
- no peptidoglycan
- 80s ribosomes
- mitosis/meiosis
Archaea vs Bacteria
Bacteria contain peptidoglycan, and found in less harsh environments
Archaea have no peptidoglycan, live in harsher environments, and come in bright shapes
Plasmids
Small circles of DNA that contain genes for nonessential but beneficial function
Horizontal Gene Transfer
Plasmids replicate independently of cells chromosomes
- leads to genetic recombination
- allows genes to be shared between prokaryotic cells, even different species
Peptidoglycan
Made of polymers of sugars and amino acids
- peptide cross linkages give cell wall strength and rigidity
Cell shapes of bacteria
Spiral
Spherical( coccoid)
Cylindrical( bacillus)
How to determine if a DNA strand is appropriate
1) found in all organisms of all domains
2) relatively long DNA sequence that’s at least 1000 base pairs
3) not super critical or niche
Commons set of features for all life
1) cells defined by bilayer of lipid molecules
2) a genetic system based on DNA
3) a system of information transfer( DNA to RNA to protein)
4) ribosomes are essential figure of protein synthesis that uses mRNA and tRNA to produce peptide chains from amino acids
5) proteins are major structural plus catalytic molecules
6) ATP is used as chemical energy
7) common pathways of energy transformation
What is found in all Life
1) displays order
2) harness and utilizes energy
3) reproduces
4) response to stimuli
5) exhibits homeostasis
6) grows and develops
7) evolves
What is a cell
Structural/functional unit of life; smallest unit carrying on the functions of life
