Deck 3

Question 1

Macromolecule + 4 main ones

Answer 1

Large complex molecules
1)carbs
2)lipids
3)proteins
4) nucleic acids

Question 2

Polymers

Answer 2

Built from monomers covalently bonded

Question 3

Monomer

Answer 3

Small molecules that are building blocks of polymers
- can exist on own

Question 4

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 4

Forms a covalent bond by losing OH and H
Loses water molecule
Requires energy
Requires enzymes

Question 5

Hydrolysis

Answer 5

Process of breaking polymers by adding water
- releases energy
- requires enzymes

Question 6

Asymmetric carbon

Answer 6

Carbon bonded with 4 other atoms or chemical groups

Question 7

Carbohydrate

Answer 7

Source of energy
- made from monomers of monosaccharides bonded with glycosidic linkages

Question 8

Glycosidic linkages

Answer 8

Bonds between monomers of carbohydrates

Question 9

Polysaccharide

Answer 9

Monosaccharides bonded together
- energy and structure

Question 10

Alpha glucose and beta glucose

Answer 10

Alpha- oh points down
Beta - Oh points up

( enantiomers)

Question 11

Energy carbs

Answer 11

Starch and glycogen

Question 12

Starch

Answer 12

Found only in plants
- polymer of glucose joined by alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds
- helical

Question 13

Glycogen

Answer 13

Found in animal liver and muscle cells; bacteria as well
- glucose polymer with alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds
- helical and branched

Question 14

Structural polysaccharides

Answer 14

Cellulose

Question 15

Cellulose

Answer 15

Found in plant cell walls
- glucose polymer with beta 1,4- glycosidic bonds
- not helical; linear and unbranched
- forms bundles

Question 16

Enantiomers

Answer 16

Mirror image isomers

Question 17

Structural isomers

Answer 17

Same formula different arrangement

Question 18

3 types of lipids + characteristics

Answer 18

Fats
Phospholipids
Sterols

• non polar
• at least partially hydrophobic
• low solubility
• not polymers
• bonded with ester linkages

Question 19

Functions of lipids

Answer 19

Energy
Insulation
Protection

Question 20

Glycerol

Answer 20

Head of lipid
3 carbons
3 hydroxyls

Question 21

Fatty acid

Answer 21

Tail of lipid
- hydrocarbon chain
- carboxyl on one end

Question 22

Phospholipids

Answer 22

Main component of cell membrane
- hydrophobic tail and hydrophillic head
- 2 tails and a phosphate bonded together glycerol head
- creates the lipid bilayer spontaneously

Question 23

Triglycerides (fats)

Answer 23

3 fatty acid chain bonded to glycerol head
- hydrophobic

Question 24

Sterols

Answer 24

Cell membrane and hormones
- hydrophobic except for single hydroxyl which gives slight polar hydrophillic character
- carbon skeleton of 4 fused rings

Question 25

Variation in structure of fatty acids

Answer 25

Due to length of carbon chain Location,types and number of double bonds

Question 26

Saturated fats

Answer 26

No double bonds - straight rigid molecules, packed close and solid at room temp

Question 27

Unsaturated fats

Answer 27

One or more double bonds - can bend at double bonds - less packed and liquid at room temp - better for body

Question 28

Trans fats

Answer 28

Hydrogen are opposite at site of double bonds - cannot bend and therefore very tough/impossible to break down - terrible for body

Question 29

Cis fats

Answer 29

Hydrogen are on same side at site of double bonds - natural and easy for body to break down

Question 30

Variation in sterols

Answer 30

Attachment of different functional groups such as hydroxyl or carbonyl etc.