Deck 4

Question 1

What are proteins and examples

Answer 1

Polymers of amino acids

• enzymes
  Transport
  Hormones
  Receptors
  Motor
  Structural

Question 2

Amino acids

Answer 2

Alpha carbon with with amino group( N terminus) and a carboxyl group( C terminus) and a hydrogen

Question 3

Polypeptide

Answer 3

Amino acids linked together with peptide bonds

• dehydration synthesis between NH2 of one amino acid and COOH of another

Question 4

Polypeptide vs protein

Answer 4

Polypeptide is just the chain of amino acids
Protein has specific 3D shape and function

Question 5

4 levels of protein folding

Answer 5

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

Question 6

Primary

Answer 6

Particular sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide
- peptide bonds

Question 7

Secondary

Answer 7

Hydrogen bonds between atoms of the backbone

Alpha helix, beta sheets, random coils

Question 8

Alpha helix

Answer 8

Projection of side chains in which every 4th amino acid in the helix is attracted

• repetitive coil

Question 9

Beta sheets

Answer 9

Repetitive folding

Projection of side chains from plane

Question 10

Tertiary structure

Answer 10

Interactions of ionic, hydrogen, hydrophobic, and disulfide bonds

• gives 3D shape to singular polypeptide chains

Question 11

Quaternary

Answer 11

Similar to tertiary except it applies to proteins made with multiple polypeptide chains

Question 12

Cofactor

Answer 12

Non protein chemical group bound to the protein and required for protein function

Question 13

Nucleus acids

Answer 13

Polymers of nucleotides

Question 14

Nucleotide

Answer 14

Contains sugar, 1-3 phosphates and a nitrogen base

Question 15

DNA

Answer 15

Deoxyribonucleic acid
Deoxyribose sugar
Has only one OH
Double helix
Hereditary info

Question 16

RNA

Answer 16

Ribonucleic acids
Single strand
Ribose sugar
2 OH groups
Instructions for assembling proteins

Question 17

Nitrogen bases

Answer 17

Pyrimidines: uracil, thymine and cytosine

Purines: guanine and adenine

Question 18

Backbone

Answer 18

5’ to 3’ alternating sugar phosphate backbone with phosphodiester bonds

Question 19

3’ end

Answer 19

Free OH

Question 20

5’ end

Answer 20

Free P group

Question 21

A-T vs C-G

Answer 21

A-T has 2 hydrogen bonds

C-G 3 hydrogen bonds

Question 22

Shapes of DNA vs RNA

Answer 22

DNA is double strand double helix

RNA is single strand, with unique shape due to its pairing of base pairs with itself

Question 23

Conservative change

Answer 23

New AA has same/ similar properties of the old AA
- similar bonds
- minimal effect on function

Question 24

Non- conservative change

Answer 24

New AA has different properties than the old AA
- different bonds
- affects function

Question 25

Denaturation

Answer 25

Protein unfold and loses normal shape - heat, pH, organic solvents chemicals that disrupt bonds - all bonds but peptide

Question 26

Degration

Answer 26

Breaks the peptide bonds in the polypeptide chain and the protein can no longer function