Deck 2

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

Matter with specific chemical/physical properties that cannot be broken down further by regular chemical reactions

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

Smallest unit of matter(makes elements) that maintain the same chemical/physical properties of their element

Question 3

What elements make up life

Answer 3

Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Question 4

Isotopes

Answer 4

Same atom with different numbers of neutrons

Question 5

Property of single electron sharing

Answer 5

Flexible

Question 6

Property of double electron sharing

Answer 6

Rigid

Question 7

Electronegativity

Answer 7

Attraction of an atom for the electrons in a covalent bond

Question 8

Covalent bonds

Answer 8

Sharing of electrons(weaker bond)
Non polar- equal sharing( same x)
Polar- non equal sharing(different x)

Question 9

Ionic Bonds

Answer 9

Occurs between two atoms of very different electronegativity

• produces ions by exchanging electrons to fill valence shells

Question 10

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 10

Slightly positive charge of hydrogen is attracted to slight negative charge of another atom

Question 11

Rules for hydrogen bonding

Answer 11

1) each atom of hydrogen bond is covalently bonded to something else
2) a hydrogen bond always involves a slightly positive hydrogen bond
3) second atom in a hydrogen bond is always slightly negative
4) electrons are not shared. It’s an attraction between opposite charges
5) each hydrogen atom is only able to form only one hydrogen bond

Question 12

Cations and anions

Answer 12

Cations- postive ions formed by losing electrons
Anions- negative ions formed by gaining electrons

Question 13

Methyl group

Answer 13

Decreases water solubility
Found in hormones, nucleic acids

Question 14

Hydroxyl

Answer 14

R-OH

Polar and hydrophilic
Abundant in sugar and alcohols

Question 15

Carbonyl

Answer 15

Double bond to oxygen
Ketone vs aldehyde

Polar, every sugar has one

Question 16

Carboxyl

Answer 16

Double bond oxygen and OH

• acidic and negatively charged
• found in amino acids, acetic acids, fatty acids, and other acids

Question 17

Amino

Answer 17

NH2

Basic and positively charged

• amino acid neurotransmitters, bases of nucleic acids

Question 18

Sulphate

Answer 18

R-SH

Polar
- amino acid cytosine
-acetyl- CoA

Question 19

Phosphate

Answer 19

Acidic, negatively charged and hydrophilic

• phospholipids, DNA backbone, NTP, protein regulation

Question 20

Hydrophobic

Answer 20

• non polar
• little affinity for water( can’t form hydrogen bonds)
• exclude water

Question 21

Hydrophilic

Answer 21

Have polar covalent bonds
- forms hydrogen bonds with water
- dissolve in water