ENGINEERING

Question 1

What is the role of the 2nd Engineer?

Answer 1

The second engineer directly reports to the Chief engineer with regards to daily machinery space operations and maintenance as per the planned maintenance system, to ensure safe and efficient operation of the equipment.

In addition, the 2nd is responsible for supervising and mentoring the junior staff, including carrying out training.
2nd engineers are the team leader for the department in the event of a emergency.

Question 2

What is strength?

Answer 2

Strength is the ability to resist an applied load. This can be Tensile, Compressive or shear stress.

Question 3

What is ductility?

Answer 3

The property of a material which when subjected to a tensile force, allows permanent plastic deformation. for example drawing a wire out

Question 4

What is toughness?

Answer 4

toughness is the property of a material which absorbs the energy from an applied force/ this can be impact or shock loading without failure

Question 5

What is Elasticity?

Answer 5

The Ability of a material to return to its original shape when the load is removed

Question 6

What is Plasticity?

Answer 6

Plasticity Is the property that allows the material to flow in a solid state when under pressure, then to retain that shape when the force is removed. Deformation is permanent

Question 7

What is Hardness?

Answer 7

The ability of a material to resist abrasion, indentation, wear and penetration. Rockwell hardness test.

Question 8

What is Malleability?

Answer 8

Malleability is the property which allows plastic deformation under a compressive load. For example, Hot steel which can be forged.

Question 9

What is brittleness?

Answer 9

The property of a material where it absorbs very little or no energy before fracture. Shows no plastic deformation

Question 10

What does carbon do to steel?

Answer 10

Increases:
Hardness and tensile strength

Decreases:
Ductility and Weldability

Question 11

What does manganese do to steel?

Answer 11

Increases:
Surface quality
Harden-ability
Strength

Decreases:
Weldability
Ductility

Question 12

What does Phosphorous do to steel?

Answer 12

Increases:
Strength and hardness

Decreases:
Ductility
Impact toughness

Question 13

What does Silicon do to steel?

Answer 13

Deoxidiser in steel making

Question 14

What does Copper do to steel?

Answer 14

Increases Atmospheric corrosion resistance

Question 15

What does Chromium do to steel?

Answer 15

Increases:
Corrosion Resistance
Oxidation Resistance
Harden-ability
High Temperature Strength

Question 16

What does Nickel do to steel?

Answer 16

Increases:
Harden-ability
impact strength

Question 17

What does molybdenum do to steel?

Answer 17

Increases Harden-ability

Question 18

What does Titanium do to steel?

Answer 18

Increases:
Toughness by controlling grain growth
Ductility

Question 19

What does Vanadium do to steel?

Answer 19

Increases:
Yield strength
Tensile strength

Question 20

How to measure Performance of a Cylinder?

Answer 20

Blow through the indicator cock
Use a Indicator card attached to the indicator cock and cord attached to the camshaft lever.
Analyse the graph using Planimeter

To find Mean Indicated Pressure:
(Area/ length of graph) x K (spring constant)
The area of Pmi will have the same area of the graph

Indicated Power = Pmi x Length of stroke x Area of bore x number of power strokes per second
RPM/60 for 2 stroke
RPM/120 for 4 stroke

Question 21

What is the diesel cycle?

Answer 21

The Diesel Cycle is the compression ignition cycle.

Adiabatic Compression
Constant pressure Heating
Adiabatic Expansion
Constant Volume Cooling

Question 22

What is the Otto cycle?

Answer 22

Spark Ignition

Two adiabatic processes
Two isochoric processes
Two isobaric processes

Question 23

What is the Miller cycle?

Answer 23

The Miller cycle controls the inlet valve opening time to vary the compression ratio and thus combustion temperatures. It Can make the expansion ratio higher than the compression. Increases thermal efficiency and lowers Output

Question 24

What is a light spring card?

Answer 24

By fitting a light spring to the indicator card it can indicate the exhaust and scavenge pressures.

Question 25

What is a Draw card/Out of phase card?

Answer 25

90 degrees out of phase, measured with an indicator card, Shows Compression Pressure and Peak Pressure Can analyse the injection timing

Question 26

How to assess performance?

Answer 26

Check compression pressure Indicator Card Turbo RPM Charge air pressure Exhaust temperature Fuel Setting SFOC Compare to sea trial

Question 27

How to charge refrigerator unit?

Answer 27

Liquid charging Weigh bottle Attach gauges and hoses to the filling point on the condenser. Close condenser outlet Open charging valve to fill system Close bottle Open condenser and run system If pressures are good and no bubbles in the sight glass then move on, if not fill more Disconnect charging Weigh bottle and fill out Ozone depletion log

Question 28

What are the symptoms and remedies for Air in the refrigeration system?

Answer 28

High discharge pressure and HP trips Pump gas into condenser and purge off into a recovery cylinder. Log in Ozone depletion log

Question 29

What are the symptoms and remedies for moisture in the refrigeration system?

Answer 29

Thermal Expansion Valve is frozen Replace drier and discharge and warm the TEV

Question 30

What are the symptoms and remedies for oil in the refrigeration system?

Answer 30

Loss of oil reduced heat transfer Replace oil separator and internally clean condenser and evaporator

Question 31

What are the symptoms and remedies for overcharged refrigeration system?

Answer 31

high pressure cut outs Full sight glass Purge to recovery cylinder and log in Ozone depletion log

Question 32

What are the symptoms and remedies for undercharged refrigeration system?

Answer 32

High Evaporator temperature bubbles in sight glass Rectify leak and recharge

Question 33

Properties of a Refrigerant?

Answer 33

Low condensing temperature Low Specific volume - increases efficiency High critical temperature - condensation at pressure Non Flammable, leaks are non able to pose a fire risk Non corrosive to not corrode pipes and thus create leaks

Question 34

What is Biological Oxygen Demand?

Answer 34

BOD is a measurement of how much oxygen has been consumed during a period of time during digestion of sewage. A high BOD means there is a presence of bacteria which when discharged will consume the natural dissolved oxygen and harm marine life.

Question 35

What are the gases produced by Anaerobic bacteria?

Answer 35

Hydrogen sulphide - smells of rotten eggs - Toxic Methane - flammable CO2 - Toxic

Question 36

What are the advantages of high pressure LNG?

Answer 36

Higher BMEP thus higher engine output Very little methane slip Lower gas consumption

Question 37

What is hot corrosion in the cylinder?

Answer 37

When vanadium and sodium combine during combustion at a ratio of 3:1, forms a

Question 38

Piston Inspection

Answer 38

Piston crown burning - checked with a template Cracking of the crown Piston rings for micro-seizures Ring groove clearance