Ethical considerations

Question 1

Introduction

Answer 1

• The moral guidelines set by governing bodies, such as the American Psychiatric Association, to ensure that any study conducted in the field of psychology is ethical and moral
• Every researcher in psychology must check with the review boards before conducting any study

Question 2

The brain and behavior

Answer 2

1. Right to withdraw (Draganski et al)
2. Informed consent (Milner on H.M.)

Question 3

Hormones and behavior

Answer 3

1. Right to withdraw (Schneiderman)
2. Confidentiality (Cutler et al)

Question 4

Genetics and behavior

Answer 4

1. Confidentiality (Curtis et al)
2. Deception (Reicher et al)

Question 5

Cognitive processing

Answer 5

Informed consent (Milner on H.M.)

Question 6

Reliability of cognitive processes

Answer 6

Right to withdraw (Tversky and Kahneman)

Question 7

Emotion and cognition

Answer 7

Confidentiality (Brown and Kulik)

Question 8

The individual and the group

Answer 8

Confidentiality (Park and Rothbart)

Question 9

Cultural origins of behavior or cognition

Answer 9

Confidentiality (Levine et al)

Question 10

Cultural influences on individual and attitudes, identity and behaviors

Answer 10

Confidentiality (Lyons-Padilla et al)

Question 11

Right to withdraw

Answer 11

• Participants have the right to leave or withdraw their data from the study at any given point
• Disclosed at the beginning of a study in the consent forms, reminded throughout the procedure, and told once again at the end

Question 12

Informed consent

Answer 12

• Participants have to give their consent to participate in the study
• Participants should not take part in a study against their will
• Consent form must give information regarding study
  (what is required of them, how long it will take, possible risks involved)
• Given by parents if younger than 18

Question 13

Confidentiality

Answer 13

• When personal information of the participants is kept a secret
• Confidentiality: when researchers are aware of the identities of the participants, but this information is not made accessible to the public
• Anonymity: when neither the researchers nor the public is aware of the identities of the subjects
• Encourages honesty when collecting data (increases VALIDITY in data), and protects participants from embarrassment or judgment from the public

Question 14

Deception

Answer 14

• Misinformation or not telling participants the complete goal of the study to avoid influencing their behavior
• Must propose to the ethics board why this is necessary
• But can cause people to think negatively on psychological studies and refuse to participate in the future