Communication
process by which information is exchanged between a sender and a receiver
Effective communication
occurs when the right people receive the right information in a timely manner
Chain of command
Lines of authority and formal reporting relationships
Deficiencies in the Chain of Command
Informal communication
Slowness
Filtering
Filtering
tendency for a message to be watered down or stopped altogether at some point during transmission
Voice
Constructive expression of disagreement or concern about work unit or organizational practices
Mum effect
Tendency to avoid communicating unfavourable news to others
Silence
Withholding relevant information
Grapevine
An organization’s informal communication network
Rumour
an unverified belief that is in general circulation
Verbal language of work
Jargon: Specialized language used by employees
Humour
Non-verbal language of work
the transmission of messages by some medium other than speech or writing
(Body language
Props, artifacts & Arrangements
Office decor
Clothing)
Body language
non-verbal communication that occurs by means of the sender’s bodily motions and facial expressions or the sender’s physical location in relation to the receiver
Gender differences in communication
Getting credit
Confidence and boasting
Asking questions
Apologies
Feedback
Compliments
Ritual opposition
Managing up and down
Indirectness
Non-verbal communication across cultures
Facial expressions
Gestures
Gaze
Touch
Cultural context
the cultural information that surrounds a communication episode
information richness
the potential information-carrying capacity of a communication medium
Computer-mediated-communication (CMC)
Forms of communication that rely on digital technology to facilitate information exchange
Basic principles of effective communication
Take the time
Be accepting of the other person
Do not confuse person with the problem
Say what you feel
Listen actively
Give timely and specific feedback
Active listening
A technique for improving the accuracy of information reception by paying close attention to the sender
When in Rome..(principles for cross-cultural encounter)
Assume differences until known otherwise
Recognize differences within cultures
Watch your language (and theirs)
Organizational approaches to improving communication
Employer Branding
Provision of Explanations
360-Degree Feedback
Employee Surveys and Survey Feedback
Suggestion systems
Hotlines and Webcasts
Employer Branding
to promote a clear and consistent image of the positive and distinctive features of an organization as an employer.
360-Degree Feedback
Performance appraisal that uses the input of supervisors, employees, peers, and clients or customers of the appraised individual