formative etc

Question 1

After a single dose of a drug with a half life of 6 hours, what percentage of the dose is still in the body after 24 hours

Answer 1

6.25%

Question 2

During an equine anaesthetic you notice the mean arterial blood pressure consistently reads 55mmHg. Youdecrease the isoflurane vaporiser setting and check the intravenous fluid administration and then
commence an infusion of a positive inotrope.
Which drug is appropriate?

Answer 2

Dobutamine

Question 3

In cattle, which of the following accounts for the greatest percentage of dystocia?

Answer 3

feto-maternal disproportion

Question 4

It is an offence to supply what schedules of controlled drugs via electronic or faxed prescriptions (an original prescription must be obtained, and retained for five years)?

Answer 4

Schedule 2 and 3

Question 5

On cytological review of a lymph-node fine needle aspirate, which feature is most consistent with a reactive hyperplasia?

Answer 5

heterogenous lymphocyte population

Question 6

This image represents tissue from an 11-year-old, female intact Labrador retriever dog.
what description is accurate

Answer 6

Both kidneys had slightly raised, multifocal, very pale pink lesions with depressed darker pink
centers (umbilicated). The lesions ranged in size from 0.5 cm - 1.5 cm. The lesions described
mostly affect the cortex, however a halo of white striation surrounded the renal pelvis.

Question 7

What does capnography measure?

Answer 7

inhaled and exhaled carbon dioxide concentrations

Question 8

The diagram shows a knot used during the closure of the linea alba in dogs and cats.
Identify the knot.

Answer 8

aberdeen knot

Question 9

What is the main benefit of using a grid when radiographing the abdomen of a large breed dog?

Answer 9

increased image contrast

Question 10

Which diagnostic tests would you take to commence your diagnostic investigations into the pruritic 2-year old dog as shown in the image?

Answer 10

skin scrapings, stained acetate tape strips, trichograms and coat brushing

Question 11

Which term describes the changes evident in the spine on this ventrodorsal radiograph?

Answer 11

scoliosis

Question 12

You examine a cow and your differential diagnosis list includes Johnes disease.
What is the immunological mechanism associated with this disease?

Answer 12

Sensitised T helper 1 cells release interferon gamma and chemokines to recruit mononuclear inflammatory cells.

Question 13

What is the predominant cell type involved in the proliferative (repair) phase of wound healing?

Answer 13

fibroblast

Question 14

You are closing the linea alba following an ovariohysterectomy.
Which instrument would you select from the instrument trolley to handle the tissue?

Answer 14

Question 15

You are presented with a horse that has reared up over backwards. At presentation the horse has blood
coming out of one of its ears and from its nose, is ataxic, obtunded and has a reduced pupillary light
response in the left eye. You hospitalise the horse and treat for traumatic brain injury.
Which of the following parameters would suggest the horse was deteriorating due to its traumatic brain
injury?

Answer 15

reduced mentation

Question 16

A 20kg dog was administered with 200mg of a new antibiotic, Nottacillin.
What is the apparent volume of distribution of Nottacillin if its plasma concentrations were 10mg/L
immediately post intra-venous injection?

Answer 16

20 L

Question 17

Advantages of a monofilament suture material over a multifilament suture material include which of ONE of the following?
High memory.
Good knot handling.
Low friction.
Good knot security.
Soft and pliable.

Answer 17

low friction

Question 18

After an antigen binds to the membrane receptor (immunoglobulin) on a B-cell, what is the first event required for full activation of the B-cell?

Answer 18

co-stimulation by a T helper cell

Question 19

In which of the following scenarios is parenteral nutrition most indicated over enteral nutrition?

Answer 19

a foal with sepsis that is recumbent

Question 20

Under what circumstances does the Cascade for prescribing come into effect for a vet working in Great Britain?

Answer 20

If there is no medicine authorised in GB or UK-wide for the condition affevting the patient of a non-food-producing species, and the veterinary surgeon deems treatment is required to avoid unacceptable suffering.

Question 21

This image represents a lesion in a dog.

Answer 21

Small intestine: enteritis, necrohaemorrhagic, focally extensive, severe, acute.

Question 22

What are the two routine radiographic views for the small animal thorax?

Answer 22

right lateral and dorsoventral

Question 23

What changes in neutrophils and lymphocytes are typical of the ‘stress response’?

Answer 23

neutrophilia
lymphopenia

Question 24

What is a major advantage of using chlorhexidine rather than povidone iodine to prepare a surgical site

Answer 24

it has minimal loss of activity in organic matter

Question 25

What parts of a circle breathing system are intended to prevent patients from re-breathing carbon dioxide

Answer 25

the one way valve and the soda lime

Question 26

When using an x-ray machine, adjusting which of the following factors will affect the penetrating power of the primary beam?

Answer 26

kV

Question 27

Which component layer of the intestinal wall has the greatest tensile strength?

Answer 27

submucosa

Question 28

What findings on transrectal reproductive examination of a cow suggests a pregnancy of more than 80 days of gestation is present?

Answer 28

cotyledons

Question 29

Which monitoring method used during small animal anaesthesia is most accurate to assess alveolar ventilation?

Answer 29

capnograph

Question 30

You are considering bacterial pyoderma, environmental-induced atopic dermatitis, food-induced atopic dermatitis and sarcoptic mange as a differential diagnoses for a 10-year-old dog with recent onset pruritus. There is no history of prior skin disease. Which of these conditions will you rank lowest on your list?

Answer 30

environmental induced atopic dermatitis