oxygen therapy

Question 1

what are the pros and cons of flow by

Answer 1

pros:
- non invasive
- quick
- doesnt require sedation
- cheap (equipment wise)

Cons:
- airways can still collapse (not bypassing airway problems)
- not very efficient (FiO2 only between 25 and 30%)
- cant provide IPPV
- someone needs to be with animal whole time to hold in place
- not a good long term solution

Question 2

when do we need oxygen therapy

Answer 2

• any illness where oxygen supply to tissues is likely to be reduced
• when SpO2 <93%
• PaO2 <70mmHg
• Lactate >2.0 mmol/l
• V/Q mismatch (pleural space pathology, lung patholgoy, perfusion abnormalities
• reduced global delivery of oxygen (sepsis, anaemia)
• acid base disturbances
• right to left shunts
• death

Question 3

what are the pros and cons to oxygen masks

Answer 3

pros:
- less waste
- could be held in place with a strap
- higher FiO2 (40)
- cheap
- quick
- non invasive (relatively)

Cons:
- need the right size and shape
- might not be well tolerated
- need a patent airway
- cant provide IPPV effectively
- has to be held in place
- not a long term solution

Question 4

what are the pros and cons to oxygen tents/cages

Answer 4

Pros:
- doesnt require staff to hold in place
- reduced stress
- FiO2 40% ish but how long does that take
- good for when you already know the problem and how to fix it (heart failure)

Cons:
- need to wait for cage to fill with O2 (up to 60 mins)
- needs to be refilled every time you open it if youre monitoring frequently
- reduced monitoring ability
- cant be transported
- size limit
- equipment cost
- easy to forget them!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Question 5

what are the pros and cons to nasal prongs

Answer 5

Pros:
- no sedation needed
- more direct - bypassing nares, helpful for squishy faces
- animal can move around
- FiO2 50%

Cons:
- semi-invasive
- may not be tolerated
- not gonna help if breathing through mouth

Question 6

what are the pros and cons to nasal catheters

Answer 6

pros:
- bypasses nares and soft palate to a degree
- good for long term management (secured in place)
- FiO2 60%

cons:
- might not tolerate the initial procedure (invasive)

Question 7

what are the pros and cons of intubation

Answer 7

Pros:
- FiO2 100%
- bypass airway - controls airway
- IPPV possible

Cons:
- needs sedation or death
- not really possible when you need long term ventilation (unless you work somewhere hella fancy and have endless money)
- need to be able to keep alive on recovery without ETT (need the then place bilateral nasal catheters)