General Knowledge

Question 1

What does oxygen toxicity cause?

Answer 1

Damage to pulmonary epithelium

Question 2

What are contraindications for nasotracheal intubation in rabbits?

Answer 2

Presence of upper respiratory disease, edema of nasal passages, and preexisting narrowing of the nasal passages (apical tooth elongation)

Question 3

How many anesthetic mortalities occurring the post anesthetic period?

Answer 3

~2/3rds

Question 4

What are the 4 point AFAST locations?

Answer 4

1) diaphragmatic hepatic (center cranial)
2) splenorenal (left)
3) cystocolic (center caudal)
4) hepatorenal (right)

Question 5

What are the five point scans for TFAST?

Answer 5

Bilateral dorsolateral thorax, bilateral pericardium, and diaphragmato-hepatic.

Question 6

What does the glide sign mean?

Answer 6

No pneumothorax

Question 7

What does “lung rockets” indicate?

Answer 7

Interstitial lung fluid

Question 8

What does the step sign indicate?

Answer 8

Thoracic wall trauma or pleural space disease

Question 9

What is the scale of abdominal fluid score in AFASTs?

Answer 9

0-4 (0=none, 4= a lot)

Question 10

What does an increase in total platelet count without changes in total WBC mean in guinea pigs and other small mammals?

Answer 10

Evidence of inflammation

Question 11

Renal disease in rabbits was reported in ____% of 237 rabbits found dead or euthanized due to illness, and in ____% of 77 apparently healthy adults.

Answer 11

32.5%, 25%

Question 12

The most common cause of renal pathology in one retrospective study of ferrets was ———.

Answer 12

Acute nephritis (22%) was the most common.
Others included Renal cysts (15%), glomerulonephritis (14%), pyelonephritis (6%), glomerulosclerosis (4%), congestion (4%), and tubular atrophy (4%)

Question 13

What are the cause(s) of pseudohyponatremia in rabbits?

Answer 13

High glucose

Question 14

What chemistry value increases in rabbits with chronic renal failure?

Answer 14

Triglycerides

Question 15

Hyperlipidemia in rabbits is associated with…

Answer 15

Markers of inflammation, sepsis, renal failure, and hepatopathy

Question 16

What infectious disease may increase lipase levels in ferrets?

Answer 16

Epizootic catarrhal enteritis

Question 17

What drug may increase lipase levels in ferrets and rabbits?

Answer 17

Corticosteroids

Question 18

Rabbits with Microsporum canis had significantly higher _____ compared to clinically unaffected rabbits.

Answer 18

Lipase activity

Question 19

What parasite is associated with pure red cell aplasia in ferrets?

Answer 19

Eimeria furonis (cause of biliary coccidiosis)

Question 20

Intestinal parasites were identified in what percentage of pet guinea pigs in Italy?

Answer 20

31.7%
All asymptomatic

Question 21

What heavy metals can cause toxicity in small exotic mammals?

Answer 21

Lead, zinc, and copper

Question 22

What is the csection survival rate for chinchillas?

Answer 22

67%

Question 23

What neuropathy is seen in older rats?

Answer 23

Radiculoneuropathy

Question 24

What 3 eye problems are 3 species of hamsters prone to?

Answer 24

Chinese hamsters - diabetic cataracts
Djungarian hamsters - idiopathic glaucoma
Syrian hamsters - risk for trauma if not housed solitary

Question 25

What species of hamster is predisposed to cheek pouch eversion?

Answer 25

Djungarian

Question 26

What are the 3 components of animal hospice?

Answer 26

Physical, social, and emotional needs

Question 27

How can pet owners decrease risk of dehydration in elderly rabbits, guinea pigs, and chinchillas?

Answer 27

Offer water in both bowls and bottles; offer water in multiple locations; make sure water can be easily accessed without stretching; feed dark leafy greens spritzed with water

Question 28

How many lung lobes do different species have?

Answer 28

Gpig, chinchilla, degu, gerbil: L3, R4 (7) Ferrets, rabbits, mini pigs: L2, R4 (6) Mice, rats, hamsters, hedgehogs: L1, R4 (5) Sugar glider: L2, R3 (5) - I think? Can’t find a paper to confirm that is not behind a paywall

Question 29

How many liver lobes do different species have?

Answer 29

Ferret, guinea pig, and degu: 6 Rabbit, hedgehog, sugar gliders, and mini pig: 5 Chinchilla, rat, mouse, hamster, and gerbil: 4

Question 30

How many mammary glands/nipples do these animals have? Ferret, rabbit, guinea pig, chinchilla, degu, prairie dog, hamster, gerbil, rat, mouse, mini pig, hedgehog, sugar glider?

Answer 30

Number of nipples: species 12: female rats, female hamsters (up to 14), mini pig (up to 18) 10: rabbits, female mice, prairie dogs, hedgehogs 8: gerbils, ferrets, degus 6: chinchillas 4: sugar gliders (2 glands, 4 nipples) 2: guinea pigs

Question 31

Which clostridial organism does NOT produce enterotoxins?

Answer 31

Clostridium piliforme