Genetics

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

a unit of heredity

Question 2

Allele

Answer 2

different forms of the same gene

Question 3

Dominant

Answer 3

Allele that is expressed

Question 4

Recessive

Answer 4

Allele that is prevented from being expressed by the dominant gene

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

Genetic make up of organisms

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

Physical appearance of an organism

Question 7

Homozygous

Answer 7

Both alleles are the same

Question 8

Heterozygous

Answer 8

Alleles are different

Question 9

Incomplete dominance

Answer 9

Neither allele is fully expressed

Question 10

Linkage

Answer 10

Alleles are linked (on the same chromosome)

Question 11

Sex linkage

Answer 11

Alleles are linked to the X chromosome

Question 12

What is the locus of a gene

Answer 12

Its position on a chromosome

Question 13

All body cells (except gametes) are called _____ cells

Answer 13

somatic

Question 14

Progeny

Answer 14

Offspring produced

Question 15

Layout of genetic crosses

Answer 15

Key
Phenotype
Genotype
Gametes
Punnet Square
F1 Genotype
F1 Phenotype
Ratio

Question 16

Who is the “Father of Genetics”

Answer 16

Gregor Mendel
Pea plants

Question 17

In humans what are the male and female sex chromosomes

Answer 17

Male XY
Female XX

Question 18

What are the sex chromosomes for male and female butterflies/moths/birds

Answer 18

Male XX
Female XY
(opposite to humans)

Question 19

Sex linkage

Answer 19

A characteristic is controlled by a gene on a X chromosome

Question 20

Mendel’s laws

Answer 20

1st law of segregation
2nd law of independent assortment

Question 21

1st Law of Segregation

Answer 21

When gametes are formed, only 1 allele, from a pair of alleles is carried in the gamete

Question 22

2nd Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 22

During gamete formation, members of a pair of alleles segregate and move into the gamete independently of any other pair of alleles

Question 23

Recombinates

Answer 23

Offspring different to parents

Question 24

What is the significance of recombinants

Answer 24

(Variation)
Proves linkage did not occur
Proves law of independent assortment took place

Question 25

what's the rule for not linked chromosomes

Answer 25

1st - 3rd 1st - 4th 2nd - 3rd 2nd - 4th

Question 26

what's the rule when linkage occurs

Answer 26

1st - 3rd 2nd - 4th

Question 27

Linkage

Answer 27

Condition where alleles for different traits are inherited together because they're found on the same chromosome

Question 28

What's the significance of the fact that alleles are on the same chromosome

Answer 28

Linkage is seen Independent assortment does NOT occur Less variety in offspring

Question 29

What is the significance of the fact that alleles are NOT on the same chromosome

Answer 29

Linkage is not seen Independent assortment occurs Variety seen in offspring 4 types of offspring formed

Question 30

What is genetics?

Answer 30

study of heredity