human breathing

Question 1

nostrils

Answer 1

allow air to enter the nose

Question 2

nose

Answer 2

warms, filters and moistens air

Question 3

pharynx

Answer 3

connects nose and mouth to larynx

Question 4

glottis

Answer 4

opening of larynx

Question 5

epiglottis

Answer 5

prevents food from passing into the trachea when eating

Question 6

larynx

Answer 6

makes sound

Question 7

trachea

Answer 7

allows air to pass to lungs

Question 8

cartilage

Answer 8

keeps trachea and bronchus open

Question 9

bronchus

Answer 9

transports air to lungs

Question 10

bronchiole

Answer 10

transports air to alveoli

Question 11

alveoli

Answer 11

sites of gaseous exchange

Question 12

pleural membranes

Answer 12

allow friction free movement of the lungs when breathing

Question 13

pathway of air

Answer 13

enters the body through the nose and mouth
is warmed moistened and filtered

Question 14

inhalation
(process)

Answer 14

AIR IN = active process

Question 15

exhalation
(process)n

Answer 15

AIR OUT = passive process

Question 16

breathing is controlled

Answer 16

unconsciously by the medulla oblongata

Question 17

adaptions of breathing system to allow for gas exchange

Answer 17

flattened body
rich blood supply
one cell thick
moist for friction free movement

Question 18

name the blood vessel from which the capillary arises from

Answer 18

pulmonary artery

Question 19

what gas controls the rate of breathing and how

Answer 19

carbon dioxide
the medulla oblongata contains cells sensitive to the volume of CO2 in the bloodstream
it sends nerve impulses to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to increase or decrease the rate of breathing

Question 20

why is the exchange of materials necessary

Answer 20

• allows oxygen to combine with molecules of food in cells and release energy in the form of ATP
• ensure fluid balance and temperate of cells is kept constant (osmoregulation)
• remove waste materials

Question 21

inhalation

Answer 21

the medulla oblongata detects a high level of CO2 and causes intercostal muscles to contract
this causes the ribs to move up and out
diaphragm contracts and flattens
air flows into the lungs
volume in lungs increases - pressure decreases

Question 22

exhalation

Answer 22

the medulla oblongata detects a low level of CO2 and causes intercostal muscles to relax
this causes the ribs to move down and in
diaphragm relaxes and moves back into a dome shape
air flows out of the lungs
volume in lungs decreases - pressure increases

Question 23

oxygen in the breathing system

Answer 23

diffuses into sites where cells require oxygen to be used for respiration

Question 24

nothing

Question 25

why is the removal of CO2 in the body essential

Answer 25

ensure PH of blood is kept constant

Question 26

breathing disorder

Answer 26

asthma symptoms = wheezing and breathlessness prevention = avoid pets and dust treatment = bronchodilator to widen bronchioles and allow more air