GI Disorders

Question 1

• Stones in gallbladder related to increased cholesterol
• Painful RUQ
• May lead to Cholecystitis
• Treatment: ultrasound or surgery for removal

Answer 1

Cholelithiasis

Question 2

• Autoimmune disease
• Pain, diarrhea, weight loss, rectal bleeding, fever
• Patches of inflammation along entire GI tract
• Complications such as peritonitis, fistulas, obstruction
• Treated with glucocorticoids

Answer 2

Crohn’s Disease

Question 3

• Severe recurring inflammation and ulcers at large intestine/rectum = blood loss
• Painful; can develop anemia related to blood loss
• Treated with anti-inflammatories, anti-motility agents, diet changes

Answer 3

Ulcerative Colitis

Question 4

• Acute inflammation of vestigial lymphatic organ attached to cecum
• Pain at RLQ, low fever, swelling, anorexia
• Can burst, lead to peritonitis if not treated by antibiotics and/or surgery

Answer 4

Appendicitis

Question 5

• First sign is occult blood in stool
• May lead to obstruction
• Growth of neoplasm in colon

Answer 5

Bowel Cancer

Question 6

• Destruction of submucosa, muscularis causing inflammation and bleeding
• Gastric or duodenal
• Dark melena, burning pain in stomach, heartburn
• Can be related to H. pylori

Answer 6

Peptic Ulcer

Question 7

• Blockage of bowel via tumor, paralytic ileus, or intussusception
• Severe pain, vomiting and diarrhea

Answer 7

Bowel Obstruction

Question 8

• Cardiac sphincter dysfunction = reflux of stomach contents into esophagus
• Severe heart burn, leading to ulcers
• Can be related to H. pylori

Answer 8

GERD

Question 9

• Inflammation in the pouches of the large intestine
• More prevalent with age
• Managed with occasional antimicrobials and dietary changes

Answer 9

Diverticulitis

Question 10

• Often occurs in liver cancer, newborns
• May or may not occur with hepatitis and cirrhosis
• Increased bilirubin causing yellowing of skin/eyes
• Treated with UV exposure

Answer 10

Jaundice (aka Icterus)

Question 11

• Inflammation of the peritoneum
• Abdominal muscle spasms, paid, rigidity

Answer 11

Peritonitis

Question 12

What are the 4 Categories of GI Disorders?

Answer 12

1. Inflammation & Infection
2. Tumors
3. Congenital
4. Malabsorption

Question 13

_____ is a camera view of the upper GI tract.
_____ is a camera view of the lower GI tract.

Answer 13

1. Endoscopy
2. Colonoscopy

Question 14

• Blood in the vomit
• Dark/bright red, coffee ground appearance

Answer 14

Hematesis

Question 15

• Congenital defects
• Oral cancer
• Dysphagia
• GERD
• Peptic Stenosis
• Stomach cancer

Answer 15

Upper GI Disorders

Question 16

• Abnormal cell growth into gastric mucosa and muscularis
• Can be related to H. pylori
• Pain, weight loss, anemia, nausea in later stages

Answer 16

Stomach Cancer

Question 17

Match the related Organ with the Disorder

Gallbladder, Pancreas, Liver
- Cholelithiasis
- Pancreatitis
- Hepatitis
- Cholecystitis
- Cirrhosis

Answer 17

Gallbladder
- Cholelithiasis
- Cholecystitis

Pancreas
- Pancreatitis

Liver
- Hepatitis
- Cirrhosis

Question 18

• Inflammation of gallbladder and cystic duct
• May result from Cholelithiasis
• Related to E coli or Enterococci

Answer 18

Cholecystitis

Question 19

Match the Jaundice Type with its description:

Prehepatic, Intrahepatic, Post-hepatic
- Liver disease impairs removal of bilirubin from blood
- Obstruction of ducts causes back up of bile
- Increased RBC destruction; functioning liver can’t keep up (newborns)

Answer 19

Prehepatic
- Increased RBC destruction; functioning liver can’t keep up (newborns)

Intrahepatic
- Liver disease impairs removal of bilirubin from blood

Post-hepatic
- Obstruction of ducts causes back up of bile

Question 20

• Inflammation of liver due to Virus (A,B,C,D,E) or toxicity
• Hepatic cells die, bile backs up in blood
• Acute: Pre-icteric stage, Icteric (jaundice), and Post-icteric stages
• Treatments: interferons, antivirals, changes in diet

Answer 20

Hepatitis

Question 21

True or false: Hepatitis B, C, D are acute, spread by body fluids

Answer 21

False.

Hepatitis B, C, D are CHRONIC, spread by body fluids

Question 22

• Destruction of liver = scar tissue and blockage of blood flow
• Early stage: exhaustion, anorexia, nausea, weakness, weight loss
• Late stage: ascites, edema, encephalopathy, failure (90% cell death)
• Can be related to alcoholism and hepatitis
• Treatment: dietary changes, electrolytes, liver transplants

Answer 22

Cirrhosis

Question 23

True or false: liver disorders result in poor food absorption

Answer 23

False.

PANCREAS disorders result in poor food absorption; pancreas produces digestive enzymes

Question 24

• Premature activation of pancreatic enzymes = autodigestion and inflammation
• Acute (gallstones, alcohol) or Chronic (alcohol, blocked ducts, hereditary, congenital)
• Can lead to cancer
• Treatment: NPO, electrolytes, analgesics

Answer 24

Pancreatitis

Question 25

- Abdominal pain, poor digestion, weight loss, jaundice, dark urine, pale stools - Disease of older people; may be advanced before diagnosed - Linked to smoking, diet, Pancreatitis - Treatment: surgery, chemo, radiation

Answer 25

Pancreatic Cancer

Question 26

- Extra tissue growth in mucosal wall of colon - Symptoms are rare; blood in stool, constipation or diarrhea - Common in older adults - Precursor to Bowel Cancer

Answer 26

Bowel Polyps

Question 27

- Functional intestinal obstruction - Lack of propulsion of the intestine or spinal injury

Answer 27

Paralytic Ileus

Question 28

Herniation, adhesions, tumors, intussusception, volvulus are _____ Intestinal Obstructions

Answer 28

Mechanical

Question 29

- Persistent vomiting to try to get content out the other way - Peritonitis and signs of systemic infection

Answer 29

Bowel Obstruction