Intro to Patho

Question 1

Define Pathophysiology

Answer 1

The study of functional changes in the body that happen because of disease process

Question 2

Define Pathogenesis

Answer 2

The course of a disease

Question 3

Match the Etiology with its definition:

Idiopathic, Iatrogenic, Nosocomial, Hereditary
- Cause is treatment or procedure
- Cause first occurs in a healthcare setting
- Cause is genetic
- Cause is unknown

Answer 3

Idiopathic
- Cause is unknown

Iatrogenic
- Cause is treatment or procedure

Nosocomial
- Cause first occurs in a healthcare setting

Hereditary
- Cause is genetic

Question 4

What is a disease that develops gradually, often without pronounced symptoms?

Answer 4

Insidious

Question 5

What are the 4 Stages of Disease?

Answer 5

1. Initial Latent - exposure to and “incubation” of infection
2. Prodromal - nonspecific symptoms, general feeling of weakness
3. Manifestation - signs and symptoms are clinical evidence of illness
4. Convalescence - recovery

Question 6

Define Epidemiology

Answer 6

The study of patterns in disease occurrence, transmission, and distribution

Question 7

Distinguish Mortality and Morbidity

Answer 7

Mortality is the # of deaths due to a disease

Morbidity is the disease rates within a group

Question 8

Distinguish Incidence and Prevalence

Answer 8

Incidence is the # of NEW cases in a population at a given time

Prevalence is the # of NEW and ESTABLISHED cases in a population at a given time

Question 9

Match the Cellular Adaptation with their definitions:

Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia
- Increased number of cells
- Increased cell size
- Decreased cell size

Answer 9

Atrophy
- Decreased cell size

Hypertrophy
- Increased cell size

Hyperplasia
- Increased number of cells

Question 10

What is NOT true of Dysplasia?

a. Precursor to cancer
b. Increased rate of mitosis
c. Cells are uniform in shape and size
d. Leads to anaplasia (undifferentiated cells of varying structures)

Answer 10

c. Cells are uniform in shape and size

Question 11

What is NOT true of Ischemia?

a. Loss of blood flow
b. Can be local or systemic
c. Results in insufficient oxygen to cells and impaired function
d. Relates specifically to the respiratory system

Answer 11

d. Relates specifically to the respiratory system

Question 12

What is NOT true of Necrosis?

a. When a group of cell/tissue dies
b. Is reversible
c. Can result from prolonged hypoxia
d. Lysis after death releases enzymes that trigger inflammation and damage nearby cells

Answer 12

b. Is reversible