- Accumulation of urate crystals lead to inflammation of a joint
- Articular cartilage is damaged
- Sudden increase in serum uric acid, can lead to hyperuricemia
Gout
- Autoimmune; chronic inflammation of joints
- Joint deformity
- Affects small joints first, big joints later
- Activity decreases pain/stiffness
- Damage to joints is symmetrical
Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Diagnosis: increased ESR and joint counts
- Treatment: anti-inflammatory and pain medication, OT devices, arthroplasties to replace joints
Rheumatoid Arthritis
(but Osteoarthritis shares same treatments)
- Autoimmune
- Vertebral joint inflammation resulting in calcification and kyphosis
- Loss of mobility, pain, decreased respiratory function, systemic inflammation
- More common in men
Ankylosing Spondylitis
- Nodes form on joints
- Affects big joints first, followed by small joints
- Activity increases pain/stiffness
- Damage is localized, asymmetrical
- Wear and tear deteriorates articular cartilage and bone ends
Osteoarthritis
- Loss of mineralization = decreased bone density
- Increased risk of fragility fractures
- More common in postmenopausal women
Osteoporosis
Match the Fracture Type with its description:
Avulsion, Interarticular, Greenstick, Spiral
- piece of bone is torn away from main piece while still attached to ligament
- fracture curves around shaft of bone
- bone is bent on outer arc of bend (children)
- involves bone within joint
Avulsion
- piece of bone is torn away from main piece while still attached to ligament
Interarticular
- involves bone within joint
Greenstick
- bone is bent on outer arc of bed (children)
Spiral
- fracture curves around shaft of bone
Match the Fracture Type with its description:
Comminuted, Impacted, Displaced, Pathological
- bone weakened by pressure from a tumor
- bone splintered or shattered, often in crushing injuries
- bone is forcibly pushed into bone
- bone pieces are out of alignment
Comminuted
- bone splintered or shattered, often in crushing injuries
Impacted
- bone is forcibly pushed into bone
Displaced
- bone pieces are out of alignment
Pathological
- bone weakened by pressure from a tumor
Match the Fracture Type with its description:
Oblique, Transverse, Longitudinal
- fracture occurs along length of bone
- fracture occurs diagonally across bone
- fracture occurs horizontally
Oblique
- fracture occurs diagonally across bone
Transverse
- fracture occurs horizontally
Longitudinal
- fracture occurs along length of bone
Osteomyelitis is common in _____ Fractures
Open
Name 6 Complications of Fractures
- Shock
- Contractures
- Infection (Osteomyelitis)
- Compartment syndrome
- Fat/Thrombi embolisms
- Gas Gangrene
What is the correct order of Fracture Healing?
- Callus formation
- Hematoma formation
- Hematoma to granulation tissue
- Bone remodeling
- Osteoblastic proliferation
- Completed bone healing
- Hematoma formation
- Hematoma to granulation tissue
- Callus formation
- Osteoblastic proliferation
- Bone remodeling
- Completed bone healing
In bone healing, phagocytes and fibroblasts work at the _____ to form the _____ where osteoblasts and osteoclasts continue remodeling
- Hematoma
- Callus (fibrous and bony)
- Increased pressure of fluid within the fascia
- Compression of arterial vessels leads to ischemic pain then loss of sensation
- Complication of Fractures
Compartment Syndrome
- Escape and embolization of fatty marrow
- Can travel to lungs; life threatening
- Complication of Fractures
Fat Embolism
- Severe infection caused by Gram-positive Clostridium bacteria
- Complication of Fractures
Gas Gangrene
- Clot formation and embolization of blood vessel
- Can travel to lungs; life threatening
- Complication of Fractures
Thromboembolism
True or false: Fixation devices focus on preventing complications of fractures
True
Casts, braces, metal pins, skeletal and skin traction are _______.
Plates, pins, screws are ______.
- External fixation devices
- Internal fixation devices
What are the 6 Ps of Orthopedic Assessment?
- Pain
- Pallor
- Paresthesia - abnormal sensations
- Polar temperature
- Puffiness
- Pulselessness
What does CTEMPS stand for in Orthopedic Assessment?
- Colour
- Temperature
- Edema
- Movement
- Pulses
- Sensation
- Acute/chronic bacterial/fungal infection of bone
- Requires aggressive antibiotic therapy
- May require surgical removal of dead bone tissue or amputation
Osteomyelitis
- Deficit of dystrophin protein leads to muscle degeneration
- Muscle cells replaced by fat and fibrous tissue
- X linked inherited disease affecting young boys
Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy
Match the MSK Test with its description:
MRI, Bone Scan, Arthroscopy, Electromyogram
- Dye-enhanced x-rays to detect herniated discs or tumors
- Measure of electrical activity during muscle contraction
- Insertion of camera into joint to visualize, repair, or aspirate fluids
- Best visual diagnostic test
MRI
- Best visual diagnostic test
Bone Scan
- Dye-enhanced x-rays to detect herniated discs or tumors
Arthroscopy
- Insertion of camera into joint to visualize, repair, or aspirate fluids
Electromyogram
- Measure of electrical activity during muscle contraction
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Intro to Patho12
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Inflammation & Healing24
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Neoplasms & Cancer25
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Fluid & Electrolytes34
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Acid Base15
-
Immunity21
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Respiratory Disorders48
-
Heart Disorders36
-
Infections7
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Neurologic Disorders41
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Hematological Disorders28
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Endocrine Disorders19
-
Urinary Disorders12
-
GI Disorders29
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MSK Disorders27
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Integumentary Disorders1
