Immunity

Question 1

Define Antigen

Answer 1

Any substance that stimulates a response from the Immune System

Question 2

Define Antibody (Immunoglobulin)

Answer 2

Proteins that are created in response to antigens

Question 3

Define Immune Deficiency

Answer 3

A failure of the body’s defenses to function normally
(aka immunosuppression, immunocompromised)

Question 4

What is NOT true of Natural Immunity?

a. Develops after direct contact with an antigen through illness or vaccination
b. Present at birth
c. Specific to species, ethnicity, and individual
d. Includes physical and chemical barriers, phagocytosis, inflammatory process

Answer 4

a. Develops after direct contact with an antigen through illness or vaccination

Question 5

True or false: Acquired Immunity involves Antibody production upon exposure to an Antigen through illness or vaccination

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True or False: Acquired Immunity happens when immune globulin serum is passed down to newborns through breast milk

Answer 6

False - this is Passive Immunity

Question 7

List 4 Lymph Tissues involved in the Immune System

Answer 7

• Nodes
• Spleen
• Tonsils
• Intestinal Lymph

Question 8

What 2 Tissues are Involved in Immune Cell Development?

Answer 8

• Bone Marrow
• Thymus

Question 9

List 4 types of Cells involved in Immunity

Answer 9

• Macrophages and Granulytes
• Lymphocytes
• T Cells
• B Cells

Question 10

What is NOT true of Antibody-Mediated Immunity?

a. Acts immediately
b. B-memory cells produce antibodies after antigen exposure
c. B-lymphocytes form to provide repeated production of antibodies at later exposure
d. aka Humoral Immunity

Answer 10

b. and c.

B-lymphocytes produce antibodies after antigen exposure
B-memory cells form to provide repeated production of antibodies at later exposure

Question 11

Describe an Antibody (3)

Answer 11

• Protein
• Shares common base with other antibodies
• Variable head that binds specific matching antigen to destroy or neutralize

Question 12

What is NOT true of Cell-Mediated Immunity?

a. Acts immediately
b. T cells recognize, destroy, and reproduce to fight invaders
c. Helper T cells aid B cells in antibody-mediated immunity
d. Memory T cells provide response to future invasions
e. Killer T cells directly destroy antigens

Answer 12

a. Acts immediately

Time for T cells to migrate to invasion site creates delayed response

Question 13

Match the Type of Immunity to their examples:

Natural Passive, Natural Active, Acquired Passive, Acquired Active
- Getting sick and recovering
- Mother’s milk
- Vaccination
- Antibody injection

Answer 13

Natural Passive
- Mother’s milk

Natural Active
- Getting sick and recovering

Acquired Passive
- Antibody injection

Acquired Active
- Vaccination

Question 14

Name 3 Disorders of Immunity

Answer 14

• Hypersensitivity and allergies
• Autoimmunity
• Insufficient immune response

Question 15

Match the Type of Sensitivity to its example:

Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, Type 4
- Contact dermatitis
- Hay fever, inflammation
- Lupus, rheumatoid arthritis
- ABO reaction

Answer 15

Type 1 (IgE)

Type 2 (IgM or IgG)

Type 3 (Autoimmune)

Type 4 (Lymphocyte)

Question 16

What is NOT true of Anaphylaxis?

a. When allergens the bloodstream resulting in systemic effects
b. Affects skin
c. Affects cardiovascular and central nervous systems
d. Non-life threatening

Answer 16

d. Non-life threatening

Question 17

What 2 Major problems occur in Anaphylaxis?

Answer 17

1. Systemic vasodilation with severe decrease in BP
2. Airflow obstruction - edema of pulmonary mucosa and bronchiole constriction

Question 18

What is NOT true of Autoimmune Disorders?

a. When the body is unable to distinguish itself from foreign material
b. Antigen-antibody reaction leads to inflammation and tissue necrosis
c. Primarily caused by drugs, splenectomy, liver disease, and infections
d. Type 3 Hypersensitivity

Answer 18

c. Primarily caused by drugs, splenectomy, liver disease, and infections

Genetics are considered primary cause

Question 19

What is NOT true of Lupus?

a. Large circulating auto-antibodies attack DNA, platelets, WBCs, nucleic acids
b. Etiology is multifactorial: genetic, hormonal, environmental
c. Diagnostic testing: ANAs, high ESR, low platelets, low WBCs, inflammation of organs
d. Treatment: chemotherapy, immunotherapy

Answer 19

d. Treatment: chemotherapy, immunotherapy

Lupus treatments reduce inflammation (ie. Prednisone), not route cause

Question 20

Define Immunodeficiency (2)

Answer 20

• Inability of immune system to launch a strong enough response
• Can be secondary to other diseases, radiation/chemo, poor nutrition

Question 21

What is NOT true of HIV?

a. Virus that progressively impairs immune function
b. B cells do not properly function
c. Now treated with anti-retroviral medications making active form (AIDS) rare today
d. Cause of death in AIDS is usually opportunistic lung infection

Answer 21

b. B cells do not properly function

HIV targets T Helper Cell functioning