GI Tract - Part 1

Question 1

Where does Crohn’s disease most often occur?

Answer 1

In the ileum

Question 2

Gastroparesis

Answer 2

Failure of the stomach to empty

Question 3

What is gastroparesis caused by?

Answer 3

A decrease in gastric motility

Question 4

Haustra

Answer 4

A recess or sacculation demonstrated in the walls of the ascending and transverse colon

Question 5

Ileus

Answer 5

Obstruction of the small intestines

Question 6

Intussusception

Answer 6

Prolapse of one segment of bowel into the

lumen of an adjacent segment of bowel

Question 7

Meckel diverticulum

Answer 7

An anomalous sac protruding from the ileum

Question 8

What is Meckel diverticulum caused by?

Answer 8

An incomplete closure of the yolk stalk

Question 9

Mucocele

Answer 9

Distention of the appendix or colon with mucus

Question 10

Volvulus

Answer 10

Abnormal twisting of a portion of the intestines or bowel

- which can impair blood flow

Question 11

Where does the GI tract extend from?

Answer 11

The mouth to the anus

Question 12

What are the divisions of the GI tract? (6)

Answer 12

1. Mouth
2. Pharynx
3. Esophagus
4. Stomach
5. Small intestines
6. Colon

Question 13

What are the functions of the GI tract? (7)

Answer 13

1. Ingest food
2. Digest food
3. Secrete mucus and digestive enzymes
4. Absorb and break down food
5. Reabsorb fluid in the intestinal walls to prevent dehydration
6. Form solid feces
7. Release fecal waste

Question 14

What is the esophagus?

Answer 14

Muscular tube extending from the pharynx to the stomach

Question 15

Where does the esophagus course?

Answer 15

Courses down the chest through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

Question 16

What are the wall layers from the outer layer to the lumen for the esophagus? (4)

Answer 16

1. External or fibrous
   - outer
2. Muscularis
3. Submucosal
4. Mucosal
   - inner

Question 17

Where does the esophagus terminate?

Answer 17

Cardiac orifice of the stomach

Question 18

What is the principle organ for digestion?

Answer 18

Stomach

Question 19

Where is the stomach located?

Answer 19

Between the esophagus and small intestines

Question 20

What are the 3 parts that make up the stomach?

Answer 20

1. Fundus
2. Body
3. Pylorus

Question 21

What are the wall layers from the outer layer to the lumen of the stomach? (5)

Answer 21

1. Serosal
   - outer
2. Muscularis propria
3. Submucosal
4. Muscular
5. Mucosal or rugae
   - inner

Question 22

Where does the small intestine extend from?

Answer 22

From the pyloric opening to the ileocecal valve

Question 23

What does the small intestine secrete?

Answer 23

Mucus

Question 24

What does the small intestine receive?

Answer 24

Digestive enzymes

Question 25

What are the 3 parts that make up the small intestine?

Answer 25

1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum

Question 26

Where does the majority of food absorption occur?

Answer 26

In the small intestines

Question 27

What are the wall layers from outer layer to lumen of the small intestines? (4)

Answer 27

1. Serous - outer 2. Muscular 3. Submucosal 4. Mucosal - inner

Question 28

What are the 4 portions of the duodenum?

Answer 28

1. Superior portion 2. Descending portion 3. Horizontal portion 4. Ascending portion

Question 29

What does the duodenum secrete?

Answer 29

Large quantities of mucus

Question 30

What does mucus from the duodenum do to the small intestines?

Answer 30

Protects it from the strongly | acidic chyme

Question 31

What empties into the descending portion of the duodenum? (2)

Answer 31

1. Enzymes from the duct of Wirsung 2. Bile from the CBD empty into the descending portion

Question 32

Where does the jejunum begin?

Answer 32

At the ligament of Trietz

Question 33

Where does the jejunum extend from?

Answer 33

The duodenum to the ileum

Question 34

Where does the ileum extend from?

Answer 34

The jejunum to the junction with the cecum | - ileocecal junction