Urinary System - Part 10

Question 1

What are the risk factors for renal vein thrombosis? (7)

Answer 1

1. Malignancy
2. Primary renal disease
3. IVC obstruction
4. Systemic lupus
   erythematosus
5. Sickle cell anemia
6. Amyloidosis
7. Hypercoagulable
   state

Question 2

What causes renal vein thrombosis? (4)

Answer 2

1. Renal disease
2. Surgery
3. Trauma
4. Dehydration

Question 3

What are the clinical findings for renal vein thrombosis? (5)

Answer 3

1. Flank pain
2. Hematuria
3. Hypertension
4. Proteinuria
5. Azotemia

Question 4

What is the US appearance for renal vein thrombosis? (4)

Answer 4

1. Increase in vein diameter
2. Hypo echoic or complex echoes
   within the renal vein
3. Continuous, minimal, or absent intraluminal venous flow
4. Enlarged kidney

Question 5

What are 3 differential diagnosis for renal vein thrombosis?

Answer 5

1. Renal vein tumour extension
2. Improper gain or focal zone settings
3. Improper Doppler settings or angle

Question 6

What are the causes for renal vein tumour extension? (3)

Answer 6

1. Renal carcinoma
2. Renal lymphoma
3. Nephroblastoma

Question 7

What is the US appearance for renal vein tumour extension? (4)

Answer 7

1. Increase in vein diameter
2. Echogenic mass within the renal vein
3. Vascular flow within the mass
4. Continuous, minimal, or absent intraluminal venous flow

Question 8

What are 3 differential diagnosis for renal vein tumour extension? (3)

Answer 8

1. Renal vein thrombosis
2. Improper gain or focal zone settings
3. Improper Doppler settings or angle

Question 9

Renal dialysis

Answer 9

Is a process of diffusing blood across a membrane to remove substances a normal kidney would eliminate

Question 10

What can renal dialysis restore? (2)

Answer 10

1. Electrolytes

2. Acid-base balance

Question 11

What do renal dialysis patients have an increased incidence of developing? (3)

Answer 11

1. Renal cyst
2. Renal adenoma
3. Renal carcinoma

Question 12

Where is a transplanted kidney normally placed?

Answer 12

In the anterior right iliac fossa

Question 13

During a renal transplant what is the renal artery anastomosed to?

Answer 13

The ipsilateral internal iliac artery

Question 14

During a renal transplant what is the renal vein anastomosed to?

Answer 14

The ipsilateral external iliac vein

Question 15

Where is the ureter implanted into on the urinary bladder?

Answer 15

The superior portion

Question 16

What does the fat from around the bladder that is placed on the ureter acts as?

Answer 16

A valve

Question 17

What are renal transplant complications? (8)

Answer 17

1. Renal artery stenosis
2. Renal artery thrombosis
3. Primary renal vein thrombosis
4. Secondary renal vein thrombosis
5. Hematoma
6. Urinoma
7. Lymphocele
8. Abscess

Question 18

What does a hematoma look like on US when it is acute?

Answer 18

Hypo echoic

Question 19

What does a hematoma look like on US when it is subacute?

Answer 19

Complex

Question 20

What does a hematoma look like on US when it is chronic?

Answer 20

Anechoic

Question 21

When can a urinoma occur after a renal transplant?

Answer 21

In the first few weeks

Question 22

Where is a lymphocele usually found?

Answer 22

Medial to the transplant

Question 23

When can an abscess occur after a renal transplant?

Answer 23

In the first few weeks

Question 24

What is the normal US appearance of the renal sinus in a renal transplant?

Answer 24

Hyper echoic

Question 25

What is the normal US appearance of the renal cortex in a renal transplant?

Answer 25

Hypo echoic

Question 26

Are the renal pyramids prominent in a normal renal transplant?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

What kind of resistant flow is demonstrated in a renal transplant?

Answer 27

Low

Question 28

What is a normal RI for a renal transplant?

Answer 28

0. 7 or less | - anything higher suggests rejection

Question 29

What can the PSV be as high as in a normal renal trasnplant?

Answer 29

250cm/s