Urinary System - Part 8

Question 1

What are the risk factors for an adenoma? (3)

Answer 1

1. Male
2. Tobacco use
3. Long-term dialysis

Question 2

Is an adenoma more common in males or females?

Answer 2

Male

Question 3

What is the most common cortical tumour?

Answer 3

Adenoma

Question 4

What are the clinical findings for an adenoma? (2)

Answer 4

1. Asymptomatic

2. Hematuria

Question 5

What is the US appearance for an adenoma? (3)

Answer 5

1. Well-defined
2. Hypo echoic cortical mass
3. Generally small

Question 6

What are 2 differential diagnosis for an adenoma?

Answer 6

1. Abscess

2. Complicated cyst

Question 7

What is an angiomyolipoma composed of? (3)

Answer 7

1. Fat
2. Blood vessels
3. Muscle

Question 8

What does a angiomyolipoma tend to do?

Answer 8

Hemorrhage

Question 9

What are the clinical findings for an angiomyolipoma? (3)

Answer 9

1. Asymptomatic
2. Flank pain
3. Gross hematuria

Question 10

What is the US appearance for an angiomyolipoma? (3)

Answer 10

1. Well-defined
2. Hyper echoic mass
3. May distort renal architecture

Question 11

What are 3 differential diagnosis for an angiomyolipoma?

Answer 11

1. Carcinoma
2. Junctional parenchymal
   defect
3. Lipoma

Question 12

What is a lipoma composed of?

Answer 12

Fat

Question 13

What is a clinical finding of a lipoma?

Answer 13

Asymptomatic

Question 14

What is the US appearance of a lipoma? (2)

Answer 14

1. Well-defined

2. Hyper echoic mass

Question 15

What are 2 differential diagnosis of a lipoma?

Answer 15

1. Angiomyolipoma
2. Junctional parenchymal
   defect

Question 16

What is a clinical findings for a medullary sponge kidney?

Answer 16

Asymptomatic

Question 17

What is the US appearance of a medullary sponge kidney? (2)

Answer 17

1. Hyper echoic foci in the region of the renal papillae

2. Widening of the distal collecting system

Question 18

What are 2 differential diagnosis for medullary sponge kidney?

Answer 18

1. Nephrolithiasis

2. Angiomyolipoma

Question 19

What kind of tumour is a mesoblastic nephroma?

Answer 19

Pediatric parenchymal tumour

Question 20

What is a mesoblastic nephroma most commonly present?

Answer 20

90% occur in first year of life

Question 21

What is the benign version of a mesoblastic nephroma?

Answer 21

Wilm’s tumour

Question 22

What are the clinical findings of a mesoblastic nephroma? (2)

Answer 22

1. Palpable flank mass 2. Hematuria

Question 23

What is the US appearance of a mesoblastic nephroma? (5)

Answer 23

1. Homogeneous
2. Hypo echoic mass
3. Large solid parenchymal mass
4. Typically involves the renal sinus
5. Frequently grows through the renal capsule

Question 24

What are 2 differential diagnosis of a mesoblastic nephroma?

Answer 24

1. Wilms’ tumour

2. Neuroblastoma

Question 25

What causes nephrocalcinosis?

Answer 25

Formation of aggregates of calcium in the distal tubules and loops of Henle

Question 26

What are the clinical findings for nephrocalcinosis? (4)

Answer 26

1. Asymptomatic 2. Hyperparathyroidism 3. Hypercalcemia 4. Hypercalciuria

Question 27

What is the US appearance for nephrocalcinosis? (2)

Answer 27

1. Hyper echoic medullary pyramids | 2. May demonstrate shadowing

Question 28

What are 3 differential diagnosis for nephrocalcinosis?

Answer 28

1. Nephrolithiasis 2. Medullary sponge kidney 3. Angiomyolipoma

Question 29

What causes renal sinus lipomatosis? (4)

Answer 29

1. Obesity 2. Previous urinary obstruction 3. Chronic renal infection 4. Steroid therapy

Question 30

What are the clinical findings for renal sinus lipomatosis? (2)

Answer 30

1. Asymptomatic | 2. Elevated creatinine

Question 31

What is the US appearance for renal sinus lipomatosis? (3)

Answer 31

1. Increase in echogenicity of the renal sinus 2. Thinning of the renal cortex 3. Normal renal contour

Question 32

What is a differential diagnosis for renal sinus lipomatosis?

Answer 32

Chronic renal failure