Osteoarthritis
- Unbalanced articular cartilage degradation and replacement
- Degenerative joint disease
- Aging wear and tear or secondary to trauma
- Articular cartilage fibrillation and cracking
- Eburnation (ivory bone)
- Subchondral cysts
- Osteophytes (bony outgrowths)
Cartilage fibrillation and cracking
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Immunologically mediated
-T cells/MACs = cytokines/TNF
-Proliferation of synovium and fibroblasts
-B cells make RF
Rheumatoid Arthritis with ulnar deviations
Gout
-Hyperuricemia, then monosodium urate crystals deposited in joints
-Neuts and Macs
-Gouty tophi form, granuloma crystals
Gout
Gouty tophus, granuloma-like
Osteoporosis
- Reduced bone mass, decrease
-0.7% per year after 30 - Senile and post-menopausal forms
- Diminished osteoblastic gusto
- Thinner and fewer trabeculae in cancellous bone
– Especially vertebral bodies and femeral neck
– Resulting compression and hip fractures
Osteoporosis
Normal vs. Osteoporosis
Hyperparathyroidism
-Primary: adenoma or hyperplasia
-Secondary: renal failure
-Increased PTH = unabated osteoclast activity
-Brown tumor of bone/osteitis
Hyperparathyroidism with multiple osteoclasts dissolving bone to release calcium
Hyperparathyroidism with multiple osteoclasts dissolving bone to release calcium
Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
- 1/2 as frequent as osteosarcoma
- 40-60 year old pts
- Pelvis shoulders, ribs
- Grade matters
*low 85% survival rate
*high 43% survival rate
Chondrosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma, low grade on left, high grade on right
Multiple Myeloma
- Cancer in the bone, but not of the bone
- 15% of deaths from tumors of WBCs
- Clonal proliferation of post-follicular center B cells, i.e. plasma cells
Multiple Myeloma with lytic lesions in skull
Multiple Myeloma with malignant proliferation of plasma cells
