Lecture 12

Question 1

What does “formed elements” refer to?

Answer 1

RBC, WBC, platelets

Question 2

What is plasma?

Answer 2

A liquid connective tissue, the extracellular matrix

Question 3

What does plasma do?

Answer 3

Suspends formed elements and enables them to circulate in the body

Question 4

What is the primary function of blood?

Answer 4

To transport and deliver oxygen and nutrients, and remove wastes from body cells

Also:
Defense/protection
Regulation/maintenance of homeostasis

Question 5

Where do most nutrients travel first?

Answer 5

To the liver, where they are processed and released back into blood stream

Question 6

How are cellular wastes and byproducts transported?

Answer 6

In the blood which takes them to various organs for removal

Question 7

What is the function of many types of white blood cells?

Answer 7

To protect the body from external threats

Question 8

What do SOME wbc do?

Answer 8

Seek out and destroy internal threats

Question 9

What do platelets do? (and certain proteins dissolved in plasma)

Answer 9

When a vessel is damaged they block the area

Question 10

How does blood help maintain the chemical balance of the body?

Answer 10

Proteins and other compounds in blood act as buffers

Question 11

What is the pigment that changes the colour of blood?

Answer 11

Hemoglobin, changes with oxygen saturation

Question 12

What is viscosity?

Answer 12

The measure of a fluid’s thickness or resistance to flow

Question 13

What is viscosity influenced by?

Answer 13

The presence of the plasma proteins and formed elements within the blood

Question 14

What is the normal temp of blood? Why is it higher?

Answer 14

38 degrees, experiences some friction

Question 15

What is the pH of blood?

Answer 15

7.35 to 7.45

Question 16

How much blood do humans have?

Answer 16

Males: 5-6L
Females: 4-5L

Question 17

What does the blood consist of (overall %)

Answer 17

55% plasma, 45% formed elements

Question 18

What is plasma made up of? (%)

Answer 18

Water (91%)
Proteins (7%)
Other solutes (2%)

Question 19

What does “formed elements” include?

Answer 19

Platelets, white blood cells, red blood cells

Question 20

What is the most common solute in blood?

Answer 20

White blood cells

Question 21

What is the % for normal hematocrit?

Answer 21

45%

Question 22

What is the % for anemia hematocrit?

Answer 22

30%

Question 23

What is the % for polycythemia hematocrit?

Answer 23

70%

Question 24

What is the % for dehydration hematocrit?

Answer 24

70%

Question 25

What are the 3 major groups of plasma proteins?

Answer 25

Albumin, globulins, fibrinogen

Question 26

What is serum?

Answer 26

Plasma without clotting factors

Question 27

What is the most abundant plasma protein?

Answer 27

Albumin

Question 28

Where is albumin created?

Answer 28

In the liver

Question 29

What does albumin do?

Answer 29

Binding protein for transporting lipid soluble hormones

Question 30

What is the most significant contributor to the osmotic pressure of blood?

Answer 30

Albumin

Question 31

What makes up 38% of plasma proteins?

Answer 31

Globulins

Question 32

Where are alpha and beta globulins produced?

Answer 32

In the liver

Question 33

What do globulins do?

Answer 33

Transport iron, lipids, and fat-soluble vitamins, aid albumin in contributing to osmotic pressure

Question 34

What type of group are globulins?

Answer 34

Hererogeneous

Question 35

What are gamma globulins produced by?

Answer 35

Specialized WBC (plasma cells)

Question 36

What do gamma globulins do?

Answer 36

Involved in the immune response (known as antibodies or immunoglobulins)

Question 37

Where are fibrinogen produced?

Answer 37

In the liver

Question 38

How much of the plasma proteins does fibrinogen make up?

Answer 38

Around 7%

Question 39

What is fibrinogen essnetial in?

Answer 39

The blood clotting process

Question 40

What is the lifespan of RBC?

Answer 40

120 days

Question 41

What is the lifespan of most WBC and platelets?

Answer 41

A few hours to a few weeks

Question 42

What blood cells have the longest lifespan?

Answer 42

Lymphocytes (memory cells)

Question 43

What is hemopoiesis?

Answer 43

The formation of new blood cells and platelets quickly and continuously

Question 44

Where does hemopoiesis occur prior to birth?

Answer 44

Yolk sac Fetal liver, spleen, lymphatic tissue Eventually in red bone marrow

Question 45

Where does the formation of blood cells occur post birth?

Answer 45

In red marrow

Question 46

What is erythropoietin?

Answer 46

A glycoprotein hormone which promotes the production of erythrocytes in red bone marrow

Question 47

Where is EPO secreted? In response to what?

Answer 47

Interstitial fibroblast cells of the kidneys and liver in response to low oxygen levels

Question 48

What is used in blood doping?

Answer 48

Synthetic EPO