Lecture 7

Question 1

What 2 types of hormones help regulate metabolic processes?

Answer 1

Anabolic and catabolic

Question 2

What are anabolic hormones required for?

Answer 2

Synthesis of molecules

Question 3

Examples of anabolic hormones

Answer 3

Growth hormone, insulin, testosterone, estrogen

Question 4

What do catabolic hormones do?

Answer 4

Stimulate them breakdown and production of energy

Question 5

Examples of catabolic hormones

Answer 5

Cortisol, glucagon, adrenaline

Question 6

What are the 2 main hormones involved in blood glucose control

Answer 6

Insulin and glucagon

Question 7

What are blood glucose levels in a fed state?

Answer 7

High

Question 8

What does an increased insulin release cause?

Answer 8

Glucose uptake, glucose metabolism, energy stored as glycogen and fat, heightened use of amino acids

Question 9

What are blood glucose levels in a fasting state?

Answer 9

Low

Question 10

What does the release of glucagon cause?

Answer 10

Breakdown of glycogen, formation of new glucose, release of glucose from the liver, formation of ketones

Question 11

What kind of cells respond to insulin, and where are they located?

Answer 11

Insulin sensitive cells in muscle and fat

Question 12

How do insulin sensitive cells respond to insulin binding?

Answer 12

Mobilizing and inserting glucose-transporter proteins, increasing rate of glucose entry

Question 13

What happens to glucose in the absence of insulin?

Answer 13

Glucose cannot enter the muscle or fat cell

Question 14

What type of glucose receptors are one way and in muscle and fat cells?

Answer 14

GLUT4

Question 15

What type of glucose receptors are two way and located in liver cells?

Answer 15

GLUT2

Question 16

What does the stimulation of glycogen by glucagon cause?

Answer 16

The release of stored glucose into the blood stream, increasing glucose levels

Question 17

How and when do blood glucose levels fluctuate?

Answer 17

Over a 24 hour period, fluctuating in line with meals