What are the components of a feedback loop?
Stimulus> sensor/receptor> control centre> effector> stimulus
3 types of feedback
Negative, positive, feedforward
What is homeostasis
A condition of equilibrium, or balance, of the body’s internal environment, maintained by regulatory processes
What must a control system be able to do?
Detect deviations from normal, integrate this information, make appropriate adjustments
What is a set point, and what is it controlled by
A normal range is given for each system and is monitored by a specific control centre (usually in the brain)
What is a circadian rhythm
A major regulating factor for physiological activities, allowing organisms to adapt to a fluctuating environment
Intrinsic homeostasis control
Local controls which are inherent to an organ
Extrinsic homeostasis control
Regulation initiated outside an organ, done by nervous and endocrine systems
What are feedback loops?
Responses made after a change, can be negative or positive, goal is to influence the INTERNAL environment
What are feed forward loops?
Responses made in anticipation of change
What is the primary type of homeostatic control and what does it do?
Negative feedback, opposes initial change, has a sensor, a control centre, and an effector
Example of negative feedback
Blood pressure control, body temperature, pH
What type of feedback loop amplifies change?
Positive feedback, does not occur as often, and moves the body further away from homeostasis UNTIL A POINT, or until death
What is a positive feedback loop?
Response reinforces the stimulus, snowball effect
Example of a positive feedback loop
Childbirth contractions, stretch of baby’s head causes harder contractions, causing more stretch
Blood clotting, lactation (suckling of baby)
Define disorder
General term for any derangement or abnormality of function
Define disease
Specific term for an illness characterized by a set of signs and symptoms
How does aging affect homeostasis
Aging causes a progressive decline in the body’s ability to restore homeostasis
What is a feedforward mechanism and what is an example?
Anticipates a change in a regulation factor
ex: food in digestive tract
Where does feedforward regulation occur
Through the central command, primes the body for the changes that are about to take place
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