1
Q
what does acidosis do in cardiac arrest
A
promotes release of oxygen from haemoglobin
2
Q
does a hangmans fracture cause signficant spinal cord injury?
A
no - too wide at top
3
Q
percentage of population with personality disorders
A
5-10
4
Q
what causes cardiac endocardial plaque thickenings?
A
sarcoid
5
Q
mechanical complications of MI
A
- rupture of left ventricular free wall
- rupture of septum
- MR
6
Q
how do NSAIDS work
A
competitively block COX1 and COX2 with stops prostaglandin synthesis
COX 2 specific so less GI - celecoxib
7
Q
commonest organism in bacterial endo
A
s.aureus
8
Q
how is co2 mainly transported
A
bicarb
9
Q
how is ABO determined
A
red cell agglutinins
10
Q
function of ADH
A
vasoconstriction
water from collecting ducts
comes from post pit
11
Q
main controller of ECF
A
Na
12
Q
what does factor V do
factor 5 deficiency Vs leiden
A
cofactor to active thrombin - deficiency causes bleeding
NB factor 5 leidin more clotting
13
Q
what does protein S do
A
breaks down clots
14
Q
when do fatty streaks appear in aorta
A
1
15
Q
pattern of athersclerosis
A
aorta then carotid then coronary then femoral
16
Q
most common cause of pericarditis
A
post MI
17
Q
what do cardiac contraction bands indicate?
A
recent reperfusion
18
Q
percentage of dissections seen on CXR
A
50-60
19
Q
what can PE lead to 15% of the time
A
pulmonary infarctions
20
Q
when does irreversible cell injury begin in MI
A
30 mins
21
Q
anarsca sign
A
facial swelling
22
Q
death rate from hospital MI
A
12%
23
Q
erythema nodusm is a type of
A
panniculitis
24
Q
mortality rate of TEN
A
over 20%
25
what cause Nikolsky sign
TEN
SJS
pemphigus
26
how soon before tesicualr mumps is parotid sx
4-7 days
27
most common cause of epidydimoorchitis over 40
e.coli
28
most common cause of testicualr loss in adolescent male
torsion
29
types of emphysema
centriacinar - spreads peripherally due to smoking
panacinar - uniform destroying mainly lower lungs - alpha antiotrypsin
paraseptal - ducts
30
types of NSCLC
adeno - peripheral
squamous - large airways and high Ca
large cell - large peripheral mass
31
common site of lung cancer spread
adrenals
32
hallmark of chronic bronchitis
large airway hypersecretion
33
TB histology
langhans giant cells
34
weight for over 8 years old
x 3
35
most common manifestation of child abuse
retinal haemorrhages
36
Jervell Lange-Nielsen syndrome
deafness and sudden death
37
vasa praevia
bleeding from fetus
38
leading cause of perinatal death
preterm labour
39
normal ECG change in preggo
T wave inversion v1, v2 and 3
40
most accurate confirmation of period
plasma progesterone in lutea
41
initial sx of acute fatty liver in preggo
nause and vom
42
half loaf
median
half lumbricals
opponens pollicis
abductor pollices brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
43
chest tube size in paeds traums
ET tube size x 4
44
leading cause of neonatal death worldwide
infections
45
percentage of rhesus positive caucasions
85
46
most common cause of death in HELLP
liver rupture or cerebral haemorrhage
47
most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in kids
minimal change
48
expected blood loss in ED delivery
no more than 500ml
49
when do you administer anti D
Dose
within 72 hours
250iu under 12 weeks
625 over 12 or multiple pregnancies
50
main risk factor for ectopics
tubal damage
51
what may mimic ectopic
corpus luteum rupture in early pregnancy
52
when does BP fall in pregnancy
second trimester
53
what is placental abruption
placenta separates from wall of uterus before birth - dark red blood
54
in what population is t2dm mosst common
non hispanic whites
55
what is the anion gap in HHS
less than 12
56
what does vomiting do to urine chlorite
low concentration causing met alkalosis
57
what does high glucose due to anion gap
net equal
58
what does lithiu do to anion gap
low
59
what is the most common kind of cushings
pit ACTH dependent
(high glucocorticoids)
60
what does bradykinin do
increased intersitial fluid and oedema
61
what does lithium and alcohol do to ADH
reduces it
62
examples of live vaccines
MMR
yellow
rota
small pox
chickenpox
63
most common cause of jaundice in kids
sepsis
64
Patent ductus arteriosis sign
collapsing pulse
65
most common childhood cancers
leukemias then CNS
66
how may leukemia present
CN palsy
67
most common cause of paeds death
trauma
cancer
68
where does epilgottis not go
subglottic
69
omphalocoele v gastroschisis
within peritoneum through umbilicus
gastroschisis is all outside and not via umbilicis
70
newborn conjunctivits
chlamydia
71
criteria for simple febrile convulsion
under 15 mins
once n 24 hours
fever
no neuro deficit post
72
where do you put padding for c spine in kids
under back
73
primary mechanism of heat loss
radiation
74
when do baby teeth become wobbly
6
75
risk factor for urethral prolapse in kids
black and has doughnut shaped mass
76
isopropanal OD
GI irration and ketosis but no acidosis
77
most common site for dog bites in kids
head and neck
78
key cell in OA
chondrocytes
79
what is a pannus
granulation tissue - common in RA
80
c spine fractures in hanging
less than 1%
81
thoractomy stab wound success
15-20%
82
blunt trauma and kids - most common damaged organ
spleen
83
most common cause of pneumonia in newborns
agalactaie
84
what is used as a marker for organophosphate poisoning
red cell cholinesterase activity
85
best marker of liver function in liver disease
PT
86
haematemesis in mallory weiss and borhaeve
yes
no
87
smoking and IBD
protective for UC
88
chest compressions kid
15:2
single bystander no ALS
30:2
89
most common cause of liver failure
drugs
90
negative birefrigent crystals
gout
91
normal cxr in dissection
20%
92
what level causes death in blast
200psi
93
types of blast injury
Primary - direct effect of blast and affects air filled structures
secondary - projectiles
tertiary - wind eg being thrown against objects
quarternary - other eg burns asphyxia
94
how long to fix tendon injuries
4 weeks
95
when do you give mag in burns
systemic flurosis
96
what are ulcers with burns called and where do you find them
curling
proximal duodenal
97
metaphyseal corner of humerus
NAI
98
common site of rupture in boeharve
distal oesophagys
99
oleander poisoning
inhaled smoke
100
best indicator of gout
intracellular uric acid
101
tx for alcohol keto
key differnce to DKA
yes dextrose no insulin
Sugar
102
allergy to lidocaine. give
tetracaine
103
what correlates with confusion in DKA
os over 340
104
labs for insulinoma
high insulin and c peptide, low glucose
ratio over 0.25
105
head injury and sugar
DI - adh
106
infantile botulism
no fever
weak cry, poor feeding, gagging
107
chronic prostatitis
positive semen culture
108
treatment for isoniazid
pyroxidine
109
botulism paralysis
tick bite
descending flaccid paralysis
no sensory
Tick is opposite
110
rust coloured sputum
pneumoccocus
111
earliest sign of pulmoanry odema on XRAY
upper lobe diversion (cephalization)
112
ring sign
aortic dissection
113
how should you position haemoptysis
bleeding side down
114
most common organism for parapneumonic effusion
## Footnote
s
strep pneumonae
115
what is kussmauls sign
JVP pressure on inspiration
tampondade
constrictive pericadiri
RHF
massive PE
tricuspid stenpsois
116
what must be ruled out with PCP
TB
117
what are strep pneumonae?
treatment
gram pos diplococci
penicillin based
118
when should you get post xray pneumonia resolution
4 weeks
119
what type of bacteria is gram neg bacilli
capsule - klebisella
no capsule - pseudomonas
120
pneumonia and fever over 39 with patchy infiltrates
treatment
legionnaires
macrolides
121
treatment for mycoplasme pneumonia
## Footnote
m
macrolides
122
population with highest incidence of TB
foreigners
123
what is latent TB?
positive skin test with no symptoms
tx iso 9 months or rifamp 6
124
when do you get HAPO/HACE
3500m/11000ft
125
most common predisposing factor for PE
DVT
126
what is a bad prognosticator in asthma
wheeze
127
bad indicator of shock in kids
BP - can be normal
128
what is preserved in anterior spinal cord syndrome
proprioreception
129
what causes first heart sound
mitral and tricuspid
130
cardiac output aim sepsis
5l/min
131
pericardiocentesos amount to increase SV
5-10ml
20ml youre in RV
132
min dose atropine any age
0.1mg due to brady
133
target inr af
2-3
134
where does intersussception begin
age
ileocolic
3m-6yr
135
# p
ph normal saline
5.3
136
echymotic mask
chest blunt trauma
137
what kind of injury is jefferson fracture
compression
138
perthes disease most common in
boys 5-9
139
best treatment for septic hip
drainage
140
when do febrile seizures occur
6m-5y
141
DIC and dog bite
capno cani
142
lowest LLR for appendicitis
pain thigh extension
143
most common cause of 2 year old limp with no pain at rest
DDH
over 3 TS
144
MSM rectal bleed
Im cef and doxy - prostatitis
145
steroids in spinal cord injury?
no
146
SAH sex preference
man
147
type of haemorrhages amenable to surgery
| q
cerebellar over 3 cm
148
death rate from haemorhagic stroke?
when
30%
first 48 hours
149
most common organisms meningitis
uncapsulated
150
paradoxical breathing spinal level
between C3 and C5
151
bacterial meningitis best response to steroids
pneumococcal
152
normal CSF glucose
60-80% plasma
153
most common site berry aneurysm rupture
anterior circle of willis
154
crash 3 trial
TXA within first 3 hours
155
leading cause of trauma death
TBI
156
GBS in kids
hypertension or neuropathic pain
NB cranial nerve
157
ipslateral horners and limb ataxia
wallenberg
158
most important risk factor for suicide
loss of rational thinking
159
conversion disorder
neuro
160
test for behcets
Pathergy
161
pemphigus v bullous
pemphigus flaccid
162
hep B Ig dose
4000IU
163
source test for needlestick
on the exposed?
HIV, hep C, HBsag
add anti hbsag
164
adverse effect bupivicane
prolonged binding to cardiac tissue
165
percentage intralipid
20%
166
minimum pre ox time sick
time to dest healthy
3min
8min
167
early mag ecg tox
PR prolongation
168
lemierres
IJ septic thrombophlebitis
169
chronic hyponaetermia rate to replace
0.5-7mmol/l/hr
12 a day
25 two days
170
high risk for hyponaetremic neuro
pre menopausal women
171
DKA cerebral oedema mortality
permanent neuro deficit
70%
10%
172
TSH level for hypothyroid
hyper
over 7
under 0.1
173
best test for graves
how do you diagnose thyroid storm
bound T4
clinically
174
conns but normal BP
Barters
175
morning cortisol interpretation
under 200 - adrenal insufficiency
200-500 - ACTH test needed
over 500 - excludes
176
young and bowel obstruction
cecal volvulus
177
how does US differentiate ileus and obstruction
visible peristalsis
178
key thing to rule out post gastric band
necrosis
179
gastric Ca type
adeno
180
SBP bacteria
E.Coli
181
level of transusion for poor prognosis UGIB
2l
182
PPI in UGIB
reduce length of hospital stay
183
high risk wells PE
78.4
184
BNP levels
under 100 ruled out
over 500 likely
185
indication for home o2 in copd
P02 below 50 asleep and awake
186
indications for ABG in ED
sats under 90
pefr under 50
suspected hypercapnia
187
common cause IECOPD
bacteral
188
westermarks sign
PE in CXR - abrupt cut off vascualr markings
189
how long are D-dimer abnormally high
3 days post event
190
most common sx PE
ECG finding
SOB
sinus tachy
191
what clots cause VQ mismatch
proximal
192
p pulmonalae
inferior leads
193
skin puckering and severe pain
dislocated knee
194
PCL rupture association
hip stuff
195
NOF mortality
25% one year
50% three years
196
how much does ottawa knee reduce x rays
25%
197
osgood schalatter v sinding larson
osgood tibial tuberosity
sinding patella
198
most common cause prosthetic limb infections
staph epidermis
199
olanzapine risky dose
ibuprofen
0.5mg/kg (same as colchicine)
300mg/kg
200
indications WBI
iron
carbamzaepine
body packers
lead
arsenic
201
dangerous carbon monoxide levels
over 15%
202
digifab dose
2 ampoules
5 in arrest
203
EDTA
lead poisoining
204
fetal cardiac activity on US
7 weeks abdo, 6 transvaginal
205
hiv risk for known HIV
1 in 500-1000 (twice as high anal)
206
Ejection systolic murmur preggo
90%
207
first sonongraphic finding pregnancy
gestation sac
208
safest anti emetic hyperemesis
metoclopramide
209
most common bug pacemaker
s.aureus
210
where does a pacemaker pace in LBBB
?RBBB
RV
LV
211
how common is syncope in ED presentations
1.5%
212
brugada inhertiance
AD
213
biggest risk factor ACS
cholesterol over 5.5
smoking
htn
214
LR acs
radiation both arms
radiation right arm
215
left main coronary and thrombolytics
poor response
216
ST elevation greater in V1
LAD proximal to first septal branch
217
most likely complication in young myocardtis
dilated cardopmyopaty
218
LR ruling out MI
pleuritic
positional
sharp
on palpation
219
septic and worse after IV fluids
myocarditis
220
supracondylar fracture
medial nerve and brachial artery
221
sandpaper rash
scarlet fever
222
jaudince in first 24 hours
medical emergency
223
inferior 2 over 3
circumflex
224
Short stay beds
1 per 4000 attendances
225
faget sign
brady in typhus
226
what causes retrograde P waves
AVNRT
Junctional tachy
227
what suggests sick sinus
intermittent dropping of Ps with escape
228
percentage of CVAs from heart emboli
20%
229
scaly patch and young
pityriasis
230
most common cause autominc dysrelfexia
urinary retention
231
supine hypotension syndrme
preggo and hypotensive
232
PADS and DABS
ulna
233
causes electrical alernans
MI
rheumatic heart disease
pericardical tamponade
234
only test to distunguise between septic hip and transient synovitis
aspiration
235
time limit for red flag palps
5 mins
236
US and ectopic
mass plus echogenic fluid
237
placenta and trauma
50% abruption
238
disaster triage
239
pathopneumonic for ethylene glycol
hagma
hypocalcaemia
high osmolar gap
high creat
240
small amounts bloody diarrhoea
diffuse
large bowel
small bowel
241
how to detort
clockwise when facing patient
242
perimortem survival rate fetus
when and how long
over 50%
within 4 mins and take no more than 5
243
most significant factor OOHCA
time to defib
244
most common gbs sx in kids
neuropathic pain legs and back
245
cinochism
Cause and sx
quinine and quinidine
like aspirin but visual stuff
246
how long after birth does neonate apply for ALS
6 hours
3:1
90 beats
247
conduct disorder
child or adolescent violating rights of others
248
triad for typhoid
constopation
brady
leucopenia
249
case control
x section
prospective
works back
point in time
forward
250
treatment syphillis
1g azithro
251
Junctional escape v AVNRT
252
factors for best best neuro outcome in cardiac arrest
witnessed and immediate CPR
shock within 3 mins
253
what drug can reduced migraine recurrence over next few days
Dex
254
lungs in salicylate poisoning
pulmonary oedema
also hypokalaemia
255
prolonged QT
256
APO and AS
avoid GTN, give ACE
257
most sensitive sx PID
abdo pain less than 3 weeks
258
vessels for non traumatic ICH
putamen, perforating vessels
259
where do most anal recal abscess begin
crypt
most occur posterior
260
lap belt fracture
chance
261
syphillis
IM benpen
262
best feature for non organic cause psychosis
slow onset
263
polles
munchausen by proxy
264
aspiration level for water
1-2ml/kg
265
vestibular neuritis + hearing loss
labyrithnitis
266
shock level for defib
200j/30amps
267
good alternative to codeine
morphine
268
intitial treatment frostbite
rapid rewarming
269
amiderone and normal saline
no
270
emergency treatment doctrine
treatmnet of neccesity
271
b blocker and anaphylaxis
glucagon
272
most common arefect from bowel gas
reflection
273
24 hours post tonsillectomy bleed
usually infective andnot needing surgery
termed secondary
274
SSRI OD and seizures
unlikely
no QT prolong in fluox
275
elbow dislocation nerve and artery
brachial and ulna
276
pathopnemunig LVF
pulses alternans
277
NYHA HF
278
where does conus medullaris end
L2
279
sheehans syndrome
pituatry infarct post PPH
280
hydrochloric acid VBG
hyperchlroemic acidosis with NAGMA
281
best intubation position
flat with pillow behind head
282
best prognosticating factor schizo
acute onset
283
pneumothorax
x ray sensitvity
US
pleuritic pain
85
90
95
284
what must you always do in child constipation
inspect perineum
285
most common cause atypical pneumonia
sign most assocaired with mortality
mycoplasma
hypothermia
286
organism retropharyngeal abscess
multiple
287
most common cause incidental bleeding preggo
erosion or ectropion
288
best drug to decrease mortality post MI
beta blocker
289
best initial method for cooling
fan, sponge and tepid water
290
chionrex fleckeri
box jellyfish
291
contraindications to sux
allergy
hyperkaleamia
malignany hyperthermia
crush injury
spinal cord injury
292
repeated dose of sux
aystole
293
most common cause meningitis in aids
cryptococcus
294
gait instability but can ambulate
vestibular neuritis
295
painless PR bleed child
meckels
296
HIV and SJS/TEN
100 fold increase
297
pattern in DIC
TEH (down up down)
thrombo
elevated PT
hypofibrin
298
thoracic aortic injury
15% reach hospital
299
aspergillus immunity
impaired cell medited
300
what lacking in atypical or incomplete kawasaki
lymphadenopathy
301
cant form pincer grip
anterior interroseous nerve syndome
302
what can TIPS cause
purpose?
encecelopathy
NB - bridging procedure
303
colchicine lethal dose
0.5 - 0.8 mg/kg
304
what do steroids reduced in preggo
ICH
NEC
respiratory distress
305
causes elecrical alternaans
MI
AF
rheumatic
massive effusion
WPW
massive PE
306
triad for liver failure
transaminitis
encephelopathy
inr over 1.5
307
erythema multiforme causes
HOB MAPS
Herpes and other infections eg flu, EBV +vaccines in kids
oral hypoglycamics eg metformin
Beta lactams
Malignances eg leukemia or lymphona
Autoimmune - IBS
Phenytoing and phenobarbitol
sulpha drugs eg frusemind
307
colles v smiths
308
popper antidote
methylene blue
309
incubation primary syphillis
3 weeks
310
stages of syphillis
311
diagnosins syphillis
serology - positive for life
NAAT/PCR from ulcer
312
what is not sensitive or specific in testing for ectopic
bhcg doubling
313
when is access block worst?
weekends and evenings
314
treatment for
AMS
HAPE
HACE
AMS - acetazolomide
HAPE - nifidepine
HACE - dex
315
incomplete KD
5 days of fever and 2/5
316
treatment for congenital long QT
beta blockers
317
how quick for steroids and abx in meningitis?
30 mins
steroids first
318
most common midface fracture
lefort 2
319
percentage AF revert in 24 hours
90
320
most common cause erythroderma
eczema
321
dig on heart
negative chronotrope
positive ionotrope
322
most common thrombophilia
factor v leidin
323
most commonly fractured carpals
scaphoid then triquetrum
324
police wanting records. what do you do?
redirect to hospital admin
325
where does fascia iliace block
anterior and lateral thigh
326
vermilion border stitches
5 non absorb
327
normal head impulse test
central curse
328
invisible stones
urate
329
ehlor danlos murmur
AR
330
high pressure injection injury
urgent theatre
331
eucalytpus arrest
metoprolol, avoid shock
332
azoles and INR
increase
333
pop off valve
higher pressure
334
sydenhams
335
dorsal angulation allowed
10
336
altepalse
10mg then 90 over 2
hours
337
what vent setting causes lung injury in asthmatic
pressure plateu
338
biggest indicator for intubation in asthma
resp exhaustion
339
default energy level adult arrest shocks
200j
340
when should ventilation be adminstered advance away
| r
chest relaxation
341
when is paeds cpr 30:2
one non expert
342
role of NIV in apo
improves cardiac ouput
No effect mortality
343
rate in transcuteneous pacing
10 above capture
344
gas and fluid hypothermia
warmed to 40
345
Why would you do a perimortem c section post 5 minutes
fetal survival
346
post rosc BP and sats aim
over 100
94-98
347
how to achieve therapeutic hypo post ROSC
4 degress fliud pver 2 hours
348
What does biphasic defibs have no outcome on
survive to dischrge
349
leading cause transfusion mortality
TRALI
350
# ding
hypotension and AS
metaraminol as no ionotrope
351
favoured approach pericardiocenteis
apical
352
unwitnessed v witnessed collapse. what next
unwitnessed - stsrt CPR
wtnessed - get help and defib
353
VF rhythm in kids
10-20
354
CPR in kids - ration comression to relaxation
half and half
355
does lma protect aiway
no
356
ETCo2 and adrenaline in kids
trace decreasd 1-2 mins post
357
IO in kids
risk of osteomyelitis
358
most imporant indicaed for resus in neonates
hr under 100
359
Effectiveness MG eclampsia seizures
Do all need c section
90
No
360
CSF serum glucose ratio meningitis
0.4
361
Do you give ORS if vomiting
No
362
Removing chelated Iron
Dialysis
363
Most severe bronchiolitis
Adeno
364
scromboid
cigiuatera
scromboid - histamine like
ciguatera - tingling and numbess
365
normal CSF
366
wintergreen
sailcyaltes
367
food worker and cellulitis
strep
368
most PPV for appendicitis
migratory RIF pain
369
what proves mortaliity in ARDS
low tidal volumes
370
jet insufflation
1-4
371
flaps and wound edges - what suture
horizontal mattress
372
sulphonurea OD
ocretotide - inhibits insulin
373
Parkinsons and hallucinations
UTI
374
extension teardrop
only unstable in extension
375
shoulder dislication
How long to immobilise
Recurrence
immobilise one week
50% recurrence
376
BMI calc
Weight (kg) / height (m2)
377
ALP in preggo
2x upper limit
378
charcot triad
RUQ
fever
jaundice
379
common site diphragmatic hernia
left
380
most common sx cauda equina
urinary retention
saddle anaesthesia
381
fracture with posteror hip dislocation
ileum (acetablulum)
382
IO access children
tibia or humerus
383
MG gender
woman
384
SVT likely rate
over 150
385
saphenous vein cut down
medial
386
MTP splint
60 degrees
387
chest pain S3/S4
more complications
388
percentage have palpable gall bladder in cholecystitis
25 - 40
389
narrowest point paeds airway
cricoid cartilage
390
where does epiglottits not go
subglottic
391
# t
total blood volume
5l
392
femoral nerve block dermatime
l2-l4
393
belladonna
anticholinergic
394
heart rate autonomic dysreflexia
T6
hypertension
brady
395
Is a cause usually found for syncope
No
396
orthostatic hypotension
20/10 within three minutes
397
positive LR
TP/FP
398
brain death testing
caloric testing and dolls eye reflex
399
when is kids 30:2
untrained
400
would infection rate human bite
0.1
401
botulism light reflex
no
402
most common age for torsion
12
403
croup stridor
inspiratpry
404
naloxone and tramadol
no effect on seizures
405
dopamine infusion and heart
increase contrctility
406
sentinel bleed figurs
30-50%
407
cat v dog bite
10x more chance infection
408
necrosis from acid
button battery
coagulation necrosis
button is alkali so liquification
409
coin view
frontal plane
410
doctors for sedation
1, but need airway staff
411
steroids in bronchiolitis
no
412
most common cause HFM
coxsackie
413
half life albumin
5 days
414
when can iron OD be discharged
normal exam 6 hours
415
nitrous ozide equivalent
10mg morphine
416
flumazenil and TCA
seizures
417
haemathrotis and septic arthritis
no
418
what is painful in pulled elbow
pronation
419
time to reduce hip dislocation
6 hours
420
salicylates and thyroid storm
no - displaces t3
421
most common cause PEA
hypovolaemia
hypoxia
422
percentage rib fractures not seen in x ray
up to half
423
percentage CSF leaks resolve spontaneosly
90
424
concave ST
pericarditis
425
most accurate measure of childhood dehydrastion
weighing
426
clay shovellers fractures
spinous process
stable
427
ET tube depth
age/2 +12
428
bowel obstruction and IBD
crohns
429
WPW and AF
no calcium channel blocker
can cause VF
430
dry socket
dislodged clot - exposed bone and nerve
431
any trop above threshold
prognostic significance
432
worst and most common MI
anterior or anterior septal
433
use of TIMI score
NSTEMI who will benefit from repurfusion
434
pre hospital thrombolysis and PCR
same outcome 2-4 hours
CAPTIM trial
435
ionotropes and cardiogenic shock
no impact on mortality
436
APO pathyphysiology
fluid maldistribuion>overload
437
most frequent unstable rhythm in AMI
complete heart block
438
IVDU bug
positve cultures for how long not treared
s.aureus
3-5 weeks
439
most common cause for tampanade
malignancy
440
orthostatic hypotension diagnosis
20/10
441
highest yield test for syncope
clinical exam - 45%
442
canon A waves arrhytmia
VT
443
WPW presentations
half have arrhtymia
444
percentage of adenosine who revert
30
445
common cause childhood hypetension
acute glomerulonephritis
446
verapamil and SVT in kids
death
447
S3 heart sound
HF
448
pertussis transmission rate
75-100&
449
use of SMARTCOP
those who will need ventilatory support
450
blood cultures if being discharged
no, rare for them to need to be changed
451
who gets s.aurues pneumonia
NH and hospital residents
452
pneumothorax tubes
453
salbutamol via neb
higher rate side effects
454
childhood cancer higher VQ or CTPA
VQ
455
DVT upper limb
more likely to have cancer than lower limb
456
Ct at predicting SAH aneurysm
good
457
best initial scan for SAH
CT non con within 12 hours
NB contrast - unrptured
458
when does vasospasm occur post SAH
2 days - 3 weeks
459
what counts as negative CSF for xanthanchromia
rbc under 5
460
what part of the brain is looked at more in NIHSS
anterior
461
most common presentation posterior stroke
headache
462
what causes LOC in any stroke?
effect on medulla
463
2 day risk of stroke post TIA
4%
464
young person stroke risk factors
mgraine with aura
pregnancy
smoking and IV drugs
NB not cardio
465
one hour mortality in status
when is status most common
30%
more common extremes of age
466
where do diabetic ulcers occur?
vascular
pressure areas
watershed areas
467
retinopathy and thrombolysis
ocular haemorrhage
468
reactive hyperglycaemia
low BSL overnight cause glucagon release in the morning
469
ed finding of ulcer most likely to suggest osteomyeltis
extension to bone
470
limb threatening ulcers in diabetes
deep
over 2cm with cellulitis
lymphangitis
dischrage
necrosis
limb ischaemia
471
alcoholic ketoacidosis presenaton time
days after caesing
472
what is thiamine
b1
473
when does vitiligo occur
primary adrenal insufficency
474
temp in myxodemia coma
low
normal if concurrent infection
dont try to rewarm
475
treating hyperglycaemia
short acting based on usual dose
476
does the pupil react in acute close angle glaucoma
no
477
most diagnostic finding anterior uveitis
perilimbal injection
478
when should childhood nasal fractures be reduced
within 4 days
479
best measures dehydratin in child
CRT
RR
skin turgior
480
common cause traverlrs diarrhoea
campylobacter
481
systemic sx - which IBD
UC
482
ESR over 30 and colitis
severe
483
NSAID ulcers
gastric
484
most common cause UGIB
PUD
cxr 70/80% sensitive
485
how much blood for melena
flank dullness
150-200ml
1.5l
486
how many spider naevi are abnormal
over 5
487
cause of ascites
tx
portal hypertansion
low albuin
renal disease
salt restriction and diuretics
488
locations for paracentesis
when do you need albumin
2cm below umbilicus in midline
LLQ 3cm medial and superior to ASIS
over 10l
489
lactulose dose encephalopathy
30ml 1-2 hourly
490
what is first deraged liver disease in cholestatic disorders
AST then ALT
491
most common cause of death with acute renal failure
sepsis
492
renal impact of cox 2
same as non selective
493
ureamic pericarditis and ecg changes
usually absent
494
best prognosticator of renal transplant function
creatinine
495
most common infectious cause rhabdo
diagnostic level for CK
flu
5 x normal
496
abx in HUS
makes it worse -releases toxins
497
psuedomonas in urine
red flag and negative for nitrites
498
baseline hb SCA
60-90
499
when is neutrophil count lowest with chemo
5-10 days
500
how can neuroblastoma present
abdo mass
501
sieve categories - what obs
502
transport of opiates to disaster
sealed container
503
anthrax person to person
no
504
what figure for half of INR related bleeds
under 4
505
ITP treatment
usually resolves in 2 months
506
most common presentation malignant spinal cord compression
back pain
motor
sensory
507
hypercalcaemia symptoms correlate with
acuity of rise
508
cause oral hairy leukoplakia
EBV
509
water and diarhorea
water and skin lesions
cholera
meloidosis
510
varicella and pregnancy
give aciclovir (doesnt affect transmisson)
give IGs if delivery within 5 days
511
meningitis prophlaxis
sexual contacts
intubated not wearing mask
shared dorms
daycare attenders
household mebers over 7 days
long transport jorunets
512
percentage splenic comps EBV
50
513
most common nec fasc organism
polymicrobial
514
when does TB not need to be isolated
no cough
515
bird pnemonia
pistsacciosis
516
HIV pep
2 or 3 regime
517
most common cause encephalitis AIDS
toxoplasmosis
518
most common age laryngospasm
1-3 months
can cause pulmoanry oedema
519
resp depression from opiates in ED
under 1%
520
benefirt of giving fent over 30-60 seconds in rSI
reduced chance chest wall rigidity
521
max dose lidocaine
bupivaiane
300mg
400mg 24 hours
522
when should propofol be discarded
6 hours
523
cricoid pressure and view
worse - also worse for bagging
best view bimanual laryngoscopy
524
how to reverse paradoxical agitation midaz
flumazenil
525
most common cause of death primary blast
blast lung
526
worst prognosis cord syndrome
anterior
527
what defines massive haemothorax
over 1.5l or 2/3
528
-ve ecg and trop in chest trauma
100% PPV
529
part of heart more prone to stab injury
what makes exanguanation more likely
RV
link to pleural cavity
530
characteristic of splenic lac
slow bleed
531
most common pelvic fracture type
lateral compression
532
blunt aortic survival
left subclavian
533
what does a level one trauma centre need
534
534
sensitive marker for primary blast injury
TM rupture
535
when is a toddlers fracture usually seen
7-10 days
536
most common wrist fracture missed
galazzi
537
how are rotator cuff injuries diagnosed
MRI
538
exam in transient synovitis
pain free pasive movement
539
elevetion level for compartment syndrome treatment
heart level
it is delta level that causes problems
540
earliest sign compatment syndrome
pain
541
most common cause SBO adults
adhesions
542
where does jaundice appear
high albumin concentratins
543
atherosclerosis in dissection
no
544
percentage of stones without haematuria
20
545
clue cells
bacterial vaginosis
546
first line fluid choice prolonged hyperemesis
glucose 5 or 10%
547
protein 1+ equals how much
300mg over 24 hours
548
normal bhcg rise
doubling in 48 hours
549
best sign PID
adnexal tenderness
550
when are NSAIDS safe in pregnancy
up to 32 weeks
551
how to diagnoise fitz hugh curtis
CT
LFTS often normal
552
thyroxine OD sx
2-7 days
553
scromboid treatment
adrenaline
554
labial artery and electric shock
2 weeks
555
grays for radiation
556
early sign of radiation injury
lymphopenia
557
suicide risk
intelligent
gay
no
yes
558
somatization v conversion
559
appraisals - what is importsnt
need to understand goals
560
shift time for more adverse effects
12 hours
561
who should manage SSU
ED nurses
562
failure to report notifiable offence
in trouble with AHPRA
563
is someonbe allowed to refused life saving treatment
yes
564
when do kids regain birth weight
by 2 weeks
565
GTN reduces
pre load and afterload
566
silver and facial burns
skin pigmentation
567
e.coli and leucocytes
no - secondary cause
568
most common viral cause testicle swelling
mumps
569
# m
most common anal fissure position
posterior
570
34) Bleeding from the nipple in the absence of a palpable breast lump is commonly due to
cracked nipple
571
frusemide and lupus syndrome
no
572
histoplasmosis and carrier state
yes
573
sugar and hypothermia
high
574
hangman fracture mechanism
hyperextension
575
SMA thrombosis
raised amylase
576
ISS key thing
body part
577
femoral nerve v lateral cutaneous
578
best outcome NHYA 3
defib
579
st depression pericarditis
avr
580
LMA and kids
581
What is the most likely causative organism of septic arthritis in a 4 year old child with sickle cell anaemia?
s.aureus then salmonella
582
US finding most consistent with hypovolaeimia
hyperdynamic LV contraction
583
muscle weakness getting worse as day goe son
MG
584
barcode v beach
585
pre pubertal boys and epidi
culture neg
586
ventricular ectopic
discordant t
587
most common cause bloody diarrhoea in developed countries
campylobacter
Fellowship Written
flashcards
Decks in class (45)
# Cards
-
KEY THINGS1
-
Dermatology24
-
Gastro23
-
Neurosurgery17
-
General Surgery27
-
Biochemistry37
-
Resus52
-
Toxicology90
-
Endocrinology18
-
Psychiatry25
-
Renal10
-
Neurology59
-
Urology25
-
ENT44
-
Administration60
-
Haematology36
-
Vascular39
-
Ultrasound75
-
Stats1
-
Opthalmology42
-
Environmental57
-
Infectious Diseases61
-
Anaesthetics38
-
Respiratory63
-
Cardiology76
-
Obs and gynae69
-
Trauma60
-
Ortho78
-
Thursday Teaching Extras99
-
Paeds187
-
Past Paper Extras68
-
MCQ589
-
Bites and stings15
-
Paracetamol9
-
St George past papers55
-
Westmead papers13
-
Northern Sydney93
-
ACEM past papers25
-
Geelong87
-
PAH148
-
Monash81
-
MISC37
-
Liverpool47
-
Extra Papers81
-
Last few papers83
