memory (1)

Question 1

What are the three stores in the Multi-Store Model of Memory?

Answer 1

Sensory register, short-term memory (STM), long-term memory (LTM)

Question 2

What is the coding of the sensory register?

Answer 2

Modality-specific (e.g. iconic for visual, echoic for sound)

Question 3

What is the capacity of the sensory register?

Answer 3

Very large

Question 4

What is the duration of the sensory register?

Answer 4

Very brief (less than 0.5 seconds)

Question 5

What is the coding of STM?

Answer 5

Acoustic

Question 6

What is the capacity of STM?

Answer 6

7 ± 2 items (Miller)

Question 7

What is the duration of STM?

Answer 7

About 18–30 seconds (Peterson & Peterson)

Question 8

What is the coding of LTM?

Answer 8

Semantic

Question 9

What is the capacity of LTM?

Answer 9

Unlimited

Question 10

What is the duration of LTM?

Answer 10

Potentially a lifetime

Question 11

What are the four components of the Working Memory Model?

Answer 11

Central executive, phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad, episodic buffer

Question 12

What is the role of the central executive?

Answer 12

Directs attention and allocates tasks to slave systems; limited capacity

Question 13

What are the components of the phonological loop?

Answer 13

Phonological store (inner ear) and articulatory control system (inner voice)

Question 14

What is the function of the phonological loop?

Answer 14

Processes verbal and auditory information; coded acoustically

Question 15

What is the function of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

Answer 15

Processes visual and spatial information; coded visually/spatially

Question 16

What is the function of the episodic buffer?

Answer 16

Integrates information from all stores and links to LTM

Question 17

What is the capacity of the working memory components?

Answer 17

Limited (central executive: very limited; slave systems: limited

Question 18

What is the coding in the working memory model?

Answer 18

Depends on component: phonological loop (acoustic), visuo-spatial sketchpad (visual/spatial)

Question 19

What is proactive interference?

Answer 19

Old information interferes with new information

Question 20

What is retroactive interference?

Answer 20

New information interferes with old information

Question 21

What is retrieval failure?

Answer 21

Inability to access memories due to lack of cues

Question 22

What types of cues are involved in retrieval failure?

Answer 22

Context-dependent cues and state-dependent cues

Question 23

How do leading questions affect EWT?

Answer 23

Can distort memory by suggesting a particular answer (Loftus & Palmer)

Question 24

What is post-event discussion?

Answer 24

Witnesses discuss event with others, potentially contaminating memories (Gabbert et al.)

Question 25

How does anxiety affect EWT accuracy?

Answer 25

Can both hinder (weapon focus effect) and improve (fight or flight response) recall depending on level

Question 26

What is the Cognitive Interview?

Answer 26

Interview technique designed to improve EWT recall by using multiple retrieval strategies

Question 27

What are the techniques used in the cognitive interview?

Answer 27

Report everything, reinstate the context, reverse order, change perspective