Neuron and synapse

Question 1

What are the two main types of cells in the nervous system

Answer 1

Neurons and Glial

Question 2

What is the function of neuron cells

Answer 2

-Responds to stimuli
-Conduct electrochemical signals
-Release regulating chemicals
-Neurons are organised into tissues called nerves

Question 3

What is the function of glial cells

Answer 3

-Support neurons by nourishing them
-Removing waste
-Defend against infection
-Function as structural support cells

Question 4

What are the 4 common features neurons share (only list)

Answer 4

-Dendrites
-Cell body
-Axons
-Branching ends (synapse)

Question 5

Function of dendrites

Answer 5

-Short branching terminals that receive impluses
-Relay the impulses to the cell body

Question 6

Function of cell body

Answer 6

-Contains the nucleus
-Is the site of the cell’s metabolic reactions
(contain lots of mitochondria for energy)

Question 7

Function of axon

Answer 7

-Conducts impulses AWAY from the cell body
-Varies in lengths (1mm to 1 m)

Question 8

Function of branding ends (synapse)

Answer 8

-Found on dendrites and axons
-Increase the surface area avaliable for receiving and sending information

Question 9

What is it called when an axon are enclosed in a fatty (lipids) insulating layer

Answer 9

Myelin sheath

Question 10

What is a Schwann cell

Answer 10

-Type of glial cell
-wraps around nerve fibers (axons) to form the insulating myelin sheath, enabling rapid nerve impulse transmission

Question 11

What is the benefit of myelinated nerves

Answer 11

Forms the lipid-rich myelin sheath, allowing for fast, saltatory conduction of nerve signals.

Question 12

How do you classify a multipolar neuron

Answer 12

-Has several dendrites
-Has a single axon
-found in the brain and spinal cord
(many processes that extend from cell body)

Question 13

How do you classify bipolar neuron

Answer 13

-Has a main single dendrite
-Has a single axon
-found in the inner ear, retina of eye
(2 processes that extend from cell body)

Question 14

How do you classify unipolar neuron

Answer 14

-Has a single process that extends from the cell body
-Dendrite and axon are FUSED
-found in PNS
-Axon branches function as a single axon
(1 process that extend from cell body)

Question 15

What is a sensory neuron

Answer 15

Receives input and transmit impulses from señor receptors to CNS

Question 16

What is interneuron

Answer 16

-found in CNS
-link sensory and motor neurons
-process incoming sensory inputs and relay outgoing motor information

Question 17

what is motor neuron

Answer 17

-transmit information from CNS to effectors
(muscles, glands, organs)