Translation

Question 1

What are the units that make up ribosomes

Answer 1

Large subunit and small subunit

Question 2

What is the function of ribosomes

Answer 2

protein production

Question 3

What are the two types of ribosomes

Answer 3

Free ribosome: in the cytosol (synthesize proteins that function in cytosol)
Bound ribosomes: attached to endoplasmic reticulum (synthesise proteins for export or membranes)

Question 4

What are codons in translation

Answer 4

Block of 3 nucleotides decoded into sequence of amino acids

Question 5

Are transcription and translation simultaneous in prokaryotes

Answer 5

Yes because DNA is in the cytoplasm, there’s no mana editing, and ribosomes reads mRNA as its being transcribed

Question 6

What is the difference in translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 6

Time and physical separation between processes

Question 7

How long does it take eukaryotes to go from DNA to protein

Answer 7

1 hour

Question 8

What shape is a tRNA structure

Answer 8

cover leaf structure

Question 9

What is special about the clover leaf structure

Answer 9

anticodon on the “clover leaf” end (the curve)
amino acid attached on the 3’

Question 10

What is the only enzyme (to know) in translation

Answer 10

Amino acyl tRNA synthetase

Question 11

Why is it good the tRNA amino acid bond is unstable

Answer 11

Makes it easy for the tRNA to later give up the amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain in a ribosome

Question 12

How does ribosomes facilitate during translation

Answer 12

facilitates coupling of tRNA anticodon to mRNA codon

Question 13

What are the different sites on the large subunit

Answer 13

A site (arrival site)
P site (processing site)
E site (exit site)

Question 14

What is the point of the A site

Answer 14

Holds tRNA carrying next amino acid to be added to the chain

Question 15

What is the point of the P site

Answer 15

Holds tRNA carrying growing polypeptide chain

Question 16

What is the point of the E site

Answer 16

Empty tRNA
leave ribosomes from exit site

Question 17

What happens during the initiation process

Answer 17

brings together mRNA, ribosome subunits, initiator tRNA

Question 18

what happens during elongation

Answer 18

adding amino acids based on codon sequence