Overview

Question 1

a dog presents very lethargic and weak, and according to owners trying to vomit. Temperature is 99 and resp rate is 30. Physical exam reveals skin tenting, tacky mm, cool extreme ties, and a large very tense abdo. Describe the physical status of the dog

Answer 1

9-12% dehydration, shock, painful abdomen, hypothermic (pls add more if you think of any)

Question 2

Calculate the heart rate. What abnormal rhythm is this?

Answer 2

Ventricular premature contractions
Someone pls calculate the HR and put it in & how

Question 3

This is the dog’s radiograph, what abnormality can cause these findings

Answer 3

Stomach is pushing on the diaphragm due to gastric dilation and volvulus, where the stomach twists on itself

Question 4

Obtain a blood sample and set up appropriate monitoring for the sick dog. Describe the technique for drawing the blood

Answer 4

Get supplies
Have a restrainer
Since pet is in shock you’ll need to get blood from the jugular veins
Have restrainer hold the neck up
Hold thoracic inlet, with bevel up insert the needle at an angle and fill syringe
Put blood in the appropriate tubes based on doctors orders

Question 5

What type of monitoring would you set up for a dog with GDV

Answer 5

Indirect blood pressure
Ecg/heart rate
PCV
Intravenous fluids
MM color and CRT
Urine output

Question 6

What critical procedure should be performed on an animal with GDV

Answer 6

Surgery to untwist and decompress stomach
Gastropexy to prevent future twists

Question 7

Where can you palpate peripheral pulses

Answer 7

Femoral pulse would be best
Can try metacarpal/tarsal, but if perfusion is still poor won’t be able to feel

Question 8

Why should you monitor pulse and heart rate simultaneously

Answer 8

No make sure there is no pulse deficit

Question 9

Why do you need to keep records for hospitalized patients specifically

Answer 9

Keep track of responses to therapy and modify therapy if indicated
Records are legal documentation of what we did for the patient

Question 10

a patient that is hyperthermic from being left in a car can develop what type of problems

Answer 10

Organ failure
Seizures
Increased risk of bleeding
Diarrhea
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

Or
DIC
Organ failure
Acid base disturbance
Cardiac arrhythmia

Question 11

T/F an animal in cardiogenic shock would be expected to have a hyperkinetic pulses

Answer 11

FALSE - would have hypokinetic pulses due to lack of perfusion

Question 12

T/F the sound of a heart murmur is due to asynchronous valve closure

Answer 12

FALSE - due to back flow of blood from valves not working properly

Question 13

What would be heard in a patient with sinus arrythmia

Answer 13

When the patient inhales the heart rate increases
When the patient exhales the heart rate decreases

Question 14

T/F MAP is the mathematical average of systolic and 2x the diastolic BP

Answer 14

TRUE - systolic x 2diasolic/3

Question 15

List two problems that can make pulse oximetry readings unreliable

Answer 15

Vasoconstriction
Fluorescence lights

Question 16

Normal urine output is ________

Answer 16

1-2 ml/kg/hr

Question 17

T/F blood serum that has a yellowish appearance is said to be lipemic

Answer 17

FALSE - icteric

Question 18

What color is lipemic serum & what can it indicate

Answer 18

White
Diabetes, pancreatitis

Question 19

T/F when tying a horse to a fence a stud chain should not be used

Answer 19

TRUE - stud chain should only be used temporarily

Question 20

the stages of action for a lip twitch on a horse are ________, _________, and the ________ stage

Answer 20

Distraction
Alagesia
Blow

Question 21

what manual maneuver can be used to make a cow move forward into a squeeze cute

Answer 21

Twist tail to the side

Question 22

Regarding the fluid that is used in wound lavage the most important factor is…

Answer 22

Volume

Question 23

What is the main purpose of blood typing

Answer 23

Determine the type of antigens present of the surface of RBC

Question 24

What landmarks are used to determine how far to insert a feeding tube when an orphaned puppy is being tube fed

Answer 24

Map of the nose -> last rip

Question 25

What are some general effects of aging in a dog

Answer 25

Behavioural changes Daily functional changes (decreased activity and mobility) Appearance changes (dull/dry coat, muscular atrophy)

Question 26

a horse that has strangles would show what clinical signs

Answer 26

Fever Depression Poor appetite External purulent drainage Enlarged lymph nodes

Question 27

Why is it important for a neonatal foal or puppy to nurse soon after birth

Answer 27

Passive immunity from antibodies in mother's colostrum

Question 28

Name 5 of the 10 common warning signs for cancer as adopted by the AVMA

Answer 28

Persistent abnormal swelling Swelling that continues to grow Sores that don't heal Loss of appetite Bleeding/discharge from any opening Offensive odor Difficulty eating/swallowing Exercise intolerance Persistent lameness/stiffness Difficulty breathing, urinating, defecating

Question 29

What are 4 common problems seen in geriatric horses

Answer 29

Chronic kidney disease wave mouth - uneven wear on teeth Cushings disease Mitrol/aoritc insufficiency

Question 30

Name the 3 phases of the nociceptive pathway

Answer 30

Transmission Transduction Modulation

Question 31

what are the primary duties of the first and second assistant in a surgical procedure

Answer 31

First: provide exposure and attend hemostasis Second: tissue retraction, passes instruments, retrieves sterile items

Question 32

what are some general advantages of briefing and debriefing in surgical procedures

Answer 32

More efficiency Prevent mistakes Communication

Question 33

two different types of drugs that are considered analgesics

Answer 33

Opioids NSAIDS (non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs) Local anesthetics Adrenergic agonists

Question 34

What are Halsted's principles

Answer 34

Maintain hemostasis Eliminate dead space Gentle tissue handling Strict asepsis Minimize tension Preserve blood supply Appropriate apposition

Question 35

what clinical signs would you expect for a dog with eclampsia

Answer 35

Tremors Wobbly gait Muscle stiffness Restlessness Panting

Question 36

Define euthanasia

Answer 36

Good death

Question 37

List two of the stages of grief in the traditional model

Answer 37

Anger Acceptance