Overview Lab

Question 1

Explain the safety protocols that should be used to produce a diagnostic quality radiograph

Answer 1

Wear PPE, use technique chart
Proper patient positioning and beam collimation
Patient should be sedated/anesthetized to minimize personnel procedure
All staff must wear dosimeter badge
Ensure consistent quality control is being done on PPE and x-ray machine

Question 2

As a tech you will be exposed to ionizing radiation through your career. From what source will most of the exposure be from

Answer 2

Scatter

Question 3

What steps are used to help decrease the exposure to ionizing radiation

Answer 3

Proper PPE - apron, gloves, thyroid shield, glasses
Proper technique to minimize amount of X-rays needing to be done
Look away from x-ray beam when taking shot

Question 4

How are electrodes produced in the process of creation of an x-ray photon

Answer 4

The filaments of the cathode heat up until an electron cloud forms, which boils off electrons

Question 5

longer wavelength = _______ energy

Answer 5

Lower/decreased

Question 6

Higher frequency = ______ penetration and _______ wavelength

Answer 6

higher penetration
Shorter wavelength

Question 7

Properties of x rays (6)

Answer 7

Penetrate
Elicit fluorescence
Produce an image on film
Excite/ionize
Biologic changes
Produce scatter

Question 8

Explain line focus principle

Answer 8

The angle of the target effects the size of the actual focal spot
The larger the angle of the target, the smaller the effective focal spot will be

Question 9

Explain heel effect

Answer 9

Anode angle absorbs some X-rays which makes beam intensity less on the anode side. The thicker side of the patient should be placed under the cathode

Question 10

Increased mA = _______ time

Answer 10

Decreased

Question 11

Santes rule

Answer 11

(2x thickness in cm) + 40 = kVp

Question 12

mA and kVp have a _______ relationship

Answer 12

Inverse

Question 13

______ influences the total number of electrons while ____ influences penetration

Answer 13

mAs
kVp

Question 14

Bones should be shot in ____ contrast with ______ kVp

Answer 14

High contrast with low kVp

Question 15

Tissue should be shot in _____ contrast with ______ kVp

Answer 15

Low contrast with high kVp

Question 16

What positions would you obtain if asked to x-ray a 6 year old dogs chest for a metastasis check

Answer 16

Right lateral
Left lateral
VD

Question 17

What is required to be in/on the film of a metastasis check in order to be evaluated

Answer 17

Lungs
Heart
Ribs
Spine
Markers to differentiate views

Question 18

What manipulations do you need to perform to get adequate images for a metastasis check

Answer 18

Front limbs pulled cranial and pelvic limbs pulled caudal for all views
V trough under abdomen for VD shot
Foam wedge under sternum for lateral shots to raise sternum to the level of the spine
Collimate from first to last rib
Take radiograph during inhalation

Question 19

What are the three general methods used to restrain veterinary patients during x rays

Answer 19

Chemical
Mechanical
Manual

Question 20

a DVM has informed you that a radiograph you took is too dark and cannot be read. Describe possible alterations in technique that could be done to get an acceptable image

Answer 20

Decrease kVp 10-15%
Increases mAs 30-50%

Question 21

CT scan uses what image modality

Answer 21

Isocentering

Question 22

Nuclear scintigraphy uses what image modality

Answer 22

Gamma rays

Question 23

MRI uses what image modality

Answer 23

Radio wave

Question 24

Fluoroscopy uses what image modality

Answer 24

Continuous photon beam

Question 25

Ultrasound uses what image modality

Answer 25

Wavelengths 2-28 megahertz

Question 26

What questions do you ask when interpreting an x-ray

Answer 26

#1 what am I trying to see (tissues vs bone) #2 is it too light or too dark #3 is there proper penetration

Question 27

how do you put a VD image on the light box

Answer 27

Head/spine up Patients right on the viewers left

Question 28

How do you place a lateral view on the light box

Answer 28

Head/spine up Face on viewers left

Question 29

In an image is underexposed what does it mean and what can you change

Answer 29

Too light Increase kVp or mAs

Question 30

If an image is overexposed what does it mean and what can you change

Answer 30

Too dark Decrease mAs or kVp

Question 31

On you can visualize proper silhouettes but the image is too dark/light, what should you change

Answer 31

mAs

Question 32

If you cannot visualize silhouettes and the image is too light/too dark, what should you change

Answer 32

kVp