Semester 3 > Transfusion :( > Flashcards

Transfusion :( Flashcards

(75 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What is the therapeutic goal of transfusions

A

Temporary tissue transplant
Supportive NOT definitive therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the primary colloid in the body and where is it found

A

Albumin in the plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the main potential hazard of transfusions

A

Immune system response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the indications for blood transfusion (3)

A

Acute blood loss (trauma or surgery)
Anemia
Hemostasis (decreased platelet numbers, von willebrands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What clinical parameters can you use to check if transfusion is needed (8)

A

PCV
TP
Pulse pressure
Respiratory character
MM color/CRT
Urine production
CVP
Arterial blood gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why should PCV alone not be used to check for acute blood loss

A

Can be normal for up to 6 hours after loss due to the time it takes for fluids to equilibrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which type of container should blood be stored in

A

Plastic
Platelets hate glass :(

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the components of blood that can be used in a transfusion (3)

A

Fresh whole blood
Packed RBC
Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When should packed RBC be used

A

Anemia only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When should fresh frozen plasma be used

A

When albumin in needed
To help with clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where can you find blood donors

A

Veterinary colleges
Employee/clinic pets
Outpatient donors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the main canine blood group

A

Dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many blood groups are there by international standards, what are they

A

8
1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which DEA group is most critical

A

1.1
& 1.2 to lesser extent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are alloantiboides

A

Naturally occurring antibodies to RBC antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F dogs can be both DEA 1.1 and 1.2 positive

A

FALSE. If they are DEA 1.1 + they cannot be DEA 1.2 + & vice versa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F dogs cannot be given a blood transfusion without being typed first

A

FALSE - can be given first transfusion, but must be tested after that

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What will happen if you give a DEA - dog DEA + blood

A

Nothing the first time, but after first time will become sensitized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why can dogs get first transfusion with no concern

A

Dogs have no inherent alloantibodies against DEA 1.1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens during a transfusion reactions

A

Immunogenic response between antigen & antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens if a DEA - dog is given + blood after already being sensitized

A

Acute hemolysis within minutes to hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how long do RBC live for

A

120 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is neonatal isoerythrolysis

A

DEA 1.1 - mom that has been sensitized is bred with DEA 1.1 + dad & puppies come out DEA 1.1 +
When puppy nurses colostrum they ingest the DEA 1.1 + antibodies that begin to attach their own blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the feline blood groups

A

A
B
AB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which feline blood type is most common
A 90-99% of DSH/DLH/Main coone
26
Which feline blood type is geographic dependent
B 73% of DLH/DSH in australia
27
T/F Siamese cats are 100% type A
True
28
Which feline blood type is most rare
AB
29
What is unique about cats blood
Naturally occurring alloantibodies to opposite blood type
30
T/F type AB cats have naturally occurring antibodies
FALSE
31
What happens if a type B cat is given type A blood
Rapid RBC destruction within 2 hours Decreased BP, vomiting, depression, death
32
What happens if a type A cat is given type B blood
RBC destruction within 2 days Milder clinical signs
33
How do kittens get neonatal isoerythrolysis
Type B mom bred with type A or AB dad and kitten has type A or AB blood
34
How many major blood groups do horses have
7 internationally recognized A, C, D, K, P, Q, U
35
How many major blood groups do bovines have and what are they
11 A, B, C, F, J, L, M, R, S, T, Z
36
How many major blood groups do sheep have and what are they
7 A, B, C, D, M, R, X
37
What testing should be done on blood donors and how often
Yearly Cbc/blood chemistry/fecal Vx: rabies, dapp, fvrcp
38
What diseases do you need to screen blood donors for
Infectious diseases Heartworm, babesia canis, brucella canis
39
T/F outdoor cats can be blood donors if they have all of their vaccines
FALSE - possibility of felv & fiv even with vaccines
40
What is the ideal size of dog to be a blood donor & how much can you take
About 27 kgs Can take 450 ml every 3 weeks
41
What is the ideal blood type for canine donors
DEA 1.1 & 1.2 negative
42
What is the ideal size of cat for blood donations and how much can you take
3.5-5 kg Can take 55-60ml every 3 weeks
43
T/F animals donating blood must be surgically prepped
TRUE - strict asepsis
44
With what type of blood should you NOT use heparin
Blood with platelet problems because activates them
45
What are the advantages to storing blood in plastic bags
Decreases platelet activation Decreases coag factor activation Closed
46
What is proper storage of transfused blood
1-6 C Mixed periodically
47
What are the considerations before transfusing blood (3)
Right unit & right patient Quality (should be bright red) container (cracked?)
48
What is the purpose of a filter on a transfusion administration set
Removes clots
49
T/F you can add medications into transfusing blood
NO!!!!
50
What should you never add into transfusing blood
Medications Calcium Dextrose 5% water (hemolysis)
51
What is the only fluid you can add to transfusing blood
0.9% saline to decrease viscosity
52
What do you need to be careful about when warming/thawing blood and plasma
Excess heat will cause hemolysis
53
What temp do you need to heat blood/plasma to before administering
37C (98.6)
54
How can you thaw blood/plasma
Leave at room temp Warm water bath Commercial devices
55
What routes can you give transfusions (3)
IV - most common IP - plasma only IO - very small animals
56
What is the initial rate you should start transfusions at for severe hemorrhage
As fast as possible & monitor patient status
57
What is the rate you should start transfusions for a stable patient
0.25 ml/kg for the first 30 minutes Increase if no rxn
58
What is the rate you can do a transfusion on a heart disease pet
No more than 4 ml/kg/hr
59
How long can a blood transfusion run for (blood & plasma)
no more than 4 hours to reduce risk of bacterial growth
60
What rate can you transfuse plasma
4-6 ml/min
61
What is most essential to monitor on a patient during a transfusion
Temp!! Usually first indicator Q10 minutes for 30 minutes then q30 minutes
62
What should you do if your transfusion patient starts getting a fever
Decrease rate 7 stop completely if no response to slowing
63
What are clinical signs of a transfusion reaction
Hyperthermia V/D Urticaria (hives) Hemoglobunuria Vitals Calcium levels in blood (bc citrate)
64
What are the ways you can type blood
Typing cards DEA 1.1 only for dogs Feline A-B
65
what is the purpose of crossmatching and what is it testing form
Minimize a cute reactions Detects antibodies of donor and recipient blood
66
What is a major cross match
Donor RBC & recipient plasma/serum Detect antibodies that can destroy transfused cells
67
What is a minor cross match
Recipient RBC & donor serum/plasma Detects antibodies that might destroy recipient RBC
68
What is needed in a major cross match
1 drop donor RBC 2 drops recipient plasma
69
What is needed in a minor cross match
1 drop recipient cells 2 drops donor plasma
70
How do you interpret a cross match
Check for hemolysis or agglutination
71
What causes an acute immunologic response during transfusion
Incompatible blood
72
What are clinical signs in cats of acute immunologic rxn
Type B gets type A Hemolysis Fever Vomiting Lethargy Icterus Death
73
What are clinical signs in dogs of acute immunologic rxn
DEA 1.1 - sensitized to + Fever, restlessness, vomiting, salivation, shock, death
74
What are examples of acute non immunologic rxns
Damaged RBC Embolism hypocalcemia Air embolism Contaminated blood Circulatory overload
75
T/F immunologic responses happen within a couple of hours
FALSE - can sometimes appear 7-10 days later
Semester 3
flashcards
Decks in class (74)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions