Pathogenicity & Host Interactions

Question 1

Permanently live on the organism

Answer 1

Resident microbiota

Question 2

Are temporarily found on an organism

Answer 2

Transient microbiota

Question 3

Where is there no bacteria in the body?

Answer 3

Blood

Question 4

An objective or measureable trait such as temperature

Answer 4

Sign

Question 5

A subjective feeling or experience such as dizzy

Answer 5

Symptoms

Question 6

Different types of infectious diseases

Five alternatives

Answer 6

Communicable
Non-communicable
Iatrogenic
Nosocomial
Zoonosis

Question 7

Difference between acute and chronic disease?

Answer 7

Acute occurs over short period of time, chronic has longer time span

Question 8

What are Koch’s postulates and why are they significant?

Answer 8

Steps to determine if a bacteria is pathogenic by isolating it and reinfecting a healthy individual.

Later debunked, these helped lay the foundation of understanding how pathogens work

Question 9

How does molecular Koch’s postulates “update” what is known about pathogens?

Answer 9

They are identified based on the strain of species and activation/inactivation of genes

Question 10

Pathogenicity vs virulence?

Answer 10

The ability to cause disease

The degree of pathogenicity, or severity of disease

Question 11

Difference between primary and opportunistic pathogens?

Answer 11

Primary can infect at any time, opportunistic infect when immune systems are weakened

Question 12

Where can pathogens enter?

Answer 12

Mucosal skin or breaks in skin

Question 13

Small infection near entry location

Answer 13

Local infection

Question 14

A localized infection that spreads to a secondary location

Answer 14

Focal infection

Question 15

Infection spread throughout the body

Answer 15

Systemic infection

Question 16

Which factors affect virulence?

Three factors

Answer 16

Adhesins
Exoenzymes
Toxins

Question 17

Toxin that is released when pathogen dies, located on outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria

Answer 17

Endotoxin

Question 18

Proteins secreted by bacteria, mostly produced by gram-positive bacteria

Answer 18

Exotoxin

Question 19

Difference in antigenic drift and antigenic shift?

Answer 19

Drift: Mutation in surface protein
Shift: Complete change of surface protein

Question 20

The five stages of pathogenesis

Answer 20

Exposure
Adhesion
Invasion
Infection
Transmission