phys ed part 9

Question 1

primary function of the nervous system

Answer 1

coordinate and regulate the body’s activities by transmitting signals between different parts of the body

Question 2

components of the two main parts of the nervous system

Answer 2

-central nervous (brain/spinal)
-peripheral nervous (sensitive/motor nerves & autonomic nervous system)

Question 3

The three main parts of the brain and their primary functions

Answer 3

cerebrum: processes complex exterior stimuli plus executes decision-making/behavior.
cerebellum: muscle control, balance, coordination, and motor-related learning.
brainstem: controls important functions related to homeostasis/survival, like breathing/heart rate)

Question 3

function and structure of the spinal cord

Answer 3

function: carries sensitive motor and autonomic info between the brain and the body
structure: 31 nerves & 3 layers

Question 4

How is the autonomic nervous system structured, and what are its functions?

Answer 4

function: controls processes not under conscious control, like heart rate and digestion
structure: it is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Question 5

What roles do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems play?

Answer 5

sympathetic: activated during stress and prepares the body to respond to threats
parasympathetic: promotes relaxation and digestion after eating (relax and digest response)

Question 6

major parts of the circulatory system

Answer 6

-heart (pumps blood around the body through the vessels)
-blood (transport of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products)
-blood vessels (transport/distribution of oxygen and blood flow)

Question 7

components of blood and their functions

Answer 7

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)- carry oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide to the lungs.
white blood cells (leukocytes)- primary action cells of the immune system.
platelets (thrombocytes)- initiate/maintain healthy coagulation.
plasma: carries nutrients, water, and hormones to cells.

Question 8

three major types of blood vessels

Answer 8

-arteries
-veins
-capillaries

Question 9

some major functions of the circulatory system

Answer 9

-delivering oxygen
-removing carbon dioxide
-transporting essential nutrients
-removing waste products
-protecting from infection
-facilitating blood clotting
-transporting hormones
-maintaining homeostasis

Question 10

health conditions that can affect the circulatory system

Answer 10

-atherosclerosis
-high blood pressure
-angina
-arrhythmia
-blood clots

Question 11

what constitutes the human vascular system, and how it is structured

Answer 11

-A collection of organs, nodes, and vessels that function to move blood and lymph throughout the body.
-3 major components: cardiovascular, pulmonary, and lymphatic systems

Question 12

lymphatic system

Answer 12

(intestines: helps maintain fluid balance and immunity)
-collects excess fluid
-absorbs fats in the intestines
-collaborates with the immune system
-removes waste products

Question 13

how does blood flow through the human heart and circulate throughout the body

Answer 13

1. oxygen-poor blood enters the right atrium, collected by the veins
2. flows to the right ventricle, then is pumped to the lungs for oxygenation
3. returns to the left atrium, then flows into the left ventricle.
4. Finally, oxygenated blood is pumped out of the body by the arteries.

Question 14

what are the types of bone marrow, and what are their primary locations/functions?

Answer 14

Red marrow: located mainly in spongy or flat bones, and produces blood cells.
Yellow marrow: located mainly in the diaphyseal portion or the shaft of long bones, and stores fat

Question 15

anemia

Answer 15

a lower-than-normal number of red blood cells
(can be caused by blood loss or nutrient deficiencies)

Question 16

what is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

Answer 16

-store and transport oxygen
^allowing the cells to carry more oxygen from the lungs into the blood)

Question 17

primary function of the respiratory system

Answer 17

-bring oxygen into the body, oxygenate the blood, remove waste, and expel it to the outside environment