define reinforcement of alternative behaviour
- a procedure in which an undesirable behaviour is no longer reinforced (undergoes extinction) and a desirable alternative behaviour is reinforced
- alternative behaviour is not necessarily related to undesirable one
how do you use DRA
- select alternative behaviour that: requires equal or less effort than the problem behaviour; is already in the learner’s repertorie; is likely to be reinforced in the learner’s natural environment
- select reinforcement that: is potent; can be delievered immediately and consitently then switch to intermittent schedule of reinforcement (thinning)
Define differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviour
- a procedure in which an undersirable beahviour is extinguished, and a behaviour that is impossible to do at the same time as the undesirable behaviour is reinforced
- eg. Donnelly and Olczak - cigs butt (pica)
What is functional communication training
define
- subtype of DRA, in which the alternative behaviour is a communication response
- also called DRC (of communication)
- a subtype called reinforcement of functionally equivalent behaviour: an acceptable behaviour recieves the same consequences as an undesirable behaviour
Define Differential reinforcement of other behaviour
lis the 2 variations of DRO
- a procedure in which an undesirbale behaviour undergoes extinction, and a reinforcer is delievered after a period of time in which the behaviour does not occur
- also called differential reinforcement of zero responding/omission of behaviour
DRO variations:
- whole-nterval: reinfrocer delievered if problem behaviour is absent during the entire interval
- momentary: reinfrocer delievered if problem behaviour is absent at the end of the interval
how to use DRO?
- perform functional assessment to determine the reinforcer
- choose reinforcement
- choose length of intial DRO time interval
- extinguish problem behaviour; reinforce omission intervals
- if problem behaviour occurs before the end of the interval (whole-interval DRO), reset time interval
- increase the interval length
define differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL)
what are 3 variations?
- a procedure in which a lower rate of a behaviour is reinforced to decrease the rate of that behaviour; extinction applied when the rate of behaviour exceeds criterion for reinforcement
DRL variations
1. Full-session: reinforcer delivered if target behaviour occurs fewer than a certain number of times during a session
2. spaced-responding: reinfrocer deliverd if a certain amount of time has elapsed since last target behaviour
3. interal: session is divided into equal time intervals; reinforcer delivered if target behaviour occured no more than once during each interval
how do you use DRL?
- decide whether DRL is appropriate (behaviour should be reduced not eliminated)
- determine desired rate of behaviour
- choose b/w full session or spaced-responding
- tell client the criterion for reinforcement
- provide client with feedback/data on their behaviour
