topic 21

Question 1

define habits

Answer 1

• repetitive or stereotyped behaviours that serve no useful purpose and tend to be an annoyance
• stored in procedural memory
• involved the striatum of the basal ganglia, which is also assocaited with voluntary motor controland procedural learning
• often maintain by automatic reinforcement

Question 2

what are some examples of habits

Answer 2

• nervous habits/ body-focused repetitive behaviours
• motor tics
• vocal tics
• tourette’s disorder/syndrome
• stuttering

Question 3

explain habit reversal training

2 components, applications

Answer 3

• awareness training: person is taught to describe the problem behaviour and watch for it
• competing response training: person is taught to perform a behaviour that is incompatible with the target behaviour
• can also apply: social support and motivation strategy
  applying:
  1. client learns to descrive and identify the problem behaviour
  2. client learns and practices behaviour that is incompatible with or copetes with the problem behaviour
  3. providing reinforcement for motivation

Question 4

other procedures

explain generalization training

Answer 4

• focuses on how to control tics in everyday situations
  1. practicing tic-control procedures in session until done correctly
  2. covert rehearsal: person imagines common and tic-eliciting situations and then performs the tic-contro exercise
  3. person tries controlling tic sin real-world situations

Question 5

other procedures

what is acersion therapy

Answer 5

• form of respondent conditioning which involved the repeated pairing of a troublesome reinforcer with an aversive event

Question 6

other procedures

what is massed negative practive

Answer 6

• a punishment procedure that requires the person to repeat the undesired targer behaviour for a predetermined time period contingent on the occurrence of the target behsviour