what is the general method for experimental anaysis of behaviour (EAB)
define within-subject design an between-subjects
- define variables
- need repeated or continuous measurement made of percisely defined responses
- withinsubject: compare one’s response to their own response in a different situation/ another time
- between-subjects: compares one group to another
- visual analysis over stats
- description of functional relations
What are the phases of bmod program
4 phases
- screening/intake phase
- preprogram assessment phase/ baseline phase
- treatment phase
- follow-up phase
Behavioural assessment
WHO is behing assessed?
WHO is the observer?
- target person
- use first=person language
- may be a professional,layperson,onself
Behavioural assessment
WHAT is the behaviour?
define: target behaviour, behavioural goal, outcome goal
- target behaviour: behaviour you are changing
- behavioural goal: level of the target behaviour that a program is desinged to achieve
- outcome goal: abstract result one wishes to attain
Behavioural assessment
HOW is the behaviour measured?
define operational definition
- must be defined and quantified
- using active verbs
- avoiding labels
- no inference about interal states or motivation
- interobserved agreement (IOA) or interobserver reliability (IOR); defined so multiple people can agree
Behavioural assessment: HOW behaviour is measured
What are some common dimensions
5; and define opertional def
- frequency; number of responses in a given period of time
- duration: length of time behaviour
- latency: time between an antecedent stimulus or event, and the onset of behaviour
- intensity/magnitude: asses strength of behaviour, like a rating scale
- quality: arbitrary judgment of social value (based on observers)
- operational def: a percise, objective def of a term by specifiying the operations the researcher or observer mesaure it
Behavioural assessment: HOW behaviour is measured
How is behaviour recorded?
and the potential problems
- direct assessment: antecedents, target behaviours, and consequences are observed and recorded as they occur
- more difficult; time-consuming can measure covert behaviours - indirect assessment: based on second-hand (or third-hand), remembered info
- less accurate; memory can be distorted
Behavioural assessment
WHERE does the behaviour occur?
define settings and observations; what are potential problems?
- settings
- natural setting: behaviour observed in target person’s typical enviornment
- analogue setting: behaviour observed in a simulated location - observations
- unstructured: observations made without giving instructions or altering events or activities
- structured: made while instructions are given, or a specific event are planned to occur systematically
problems
- natural settings may prevent accurate measurement
- reactivity: might be prompt to do something more/less knowing it’s being recorded
- reactivity may habituate (decrease) over time
Behavioural assessment
WHEN are the observations being made?
- continous recording: record every instance of client’s behvauour during the entire observation period; occuring at low rates
- interval recording: target behaviour within sucessive time intervals of equal duration
- partial-interval recording: record behaviour a max of once per interval. regardless of how many times it actually occured
- whole-interval recording: record behaviour only if it persists during the entire interval
- time-saple recording: record behaviour during brief intervals separated from each other in time
What are some recording instruments used?
- data sheets
- ABC observations data sheets
- stopwatch
- clicker
- app
Define and how to measure Interobserver agreement?
- stat calculated to determine the consistency in recoding of target behaviour
- need to be >90% (highly consistent)
- reveals biases of observers
- freq: smaller count/larger x 100
- duration or latency: shorter time/longer x 100
- interal or time sampling: number of agreements/ (total of agreements and disagreements) x 100
What rights do clients have?
6
- have a therapeutic environment
- services goal is personal welfare
- treatment by a competent behaviour analyst
- progams that teach functional skills
- behaviour assessment and ongoing evalutation
- the most effective treatment procedures available
how is a program evalutated to determine efficacy?
define: the dimensions, importance of change
- dimensions
- generalization: does the behaviour occur in different situations other than the training context?
- maintenance: how long does the behaviour remain altered? - amount and importance of the change
- clinical significance
- social validity
- social comparison to norm
- expert evaluation - cost-benefit ratio
What are some potential side problems?
define: side effect, trade-off, revenge effect
- side effect: a result secondary of the active treatment
- trade-off: forgoing ones desired aspect to gain another desired aspect
- revenge effect (perverse incentive): ironic, unintended consequence of treatment
- eg. activity-based anorexia, health halo, atheltic performance and injury
