T Level Technical Qualification in Design and Development for Engineering and Manufacturing (8714) > Unit 12 > Flashcards

Unit 12 Flashcards

Health and safety principles and coverage (66 cards)

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1
Q

Why is health and safety legislation needed?

A

To promote good practice

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2
Q

Give the two types of health and safety legislations and define each one

A

Statutory = acts as new laws
Non-statutory = rules, procedures and administrative codes to achieve an objective

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3
Q

Define the objective of the Health & Safety at Work Act

A

Health and safety of all people
Protection of others from risk
Control of dangerous substances and emissions

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4
Q

What are the main takeaways from HASAWA

A

Act makes health and safety everyone’s responsibility
Employers must provide PPE

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5
Q

Name some of the most common regulations under HASAWA

A

Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (MHSWR)
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER)
Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations

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6
Q

Name some of the most common regulations under HASAWA (2)

A

Control of Noise at Work Regulations
Manual Handling Operations Regulations (MHOR)
Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER)

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7
Q

Name some of the most common regulations under HASAWA (3)

A

Work at Height Regulations (WAHR)
Electricity at Work Regulations
Control of Electromagnetic Fields at Work Regulations (CEMFAW)
Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH)

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8
Q

State what employers and employees must do under MHSWR

A

Undertake risk assessments and provide health and safety training

Report any health and safety shortcomings and dangerous situations like accidents/incidents

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9
Q

State what employers and employees must do to their equipment under PUWER

A

Effectively guard equipment to protect the user
Maintained regularly and full records kept

Use equipment if they’ve been trained

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10
Q

State what employers need to follow under the PPE at Work Regulations

A

Properly assessed PPE is fit for purpose
Maintained and stored properly
Used correctly by employees

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11
Q

State the aim of the Control of Noise at Work Regulations

A

Providing hearing protection or hearing protection zones if employees are exposed to daily or weekly noise of 85 decibels or more

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12
Q

State the aim of the Manual Handling Operations Regulations (MHOR)

A

Risk assessment should be conducted for activities involving lifting, pushing or carrying a load and should be planned in advance.

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13
Q

State the aim of LOLER

A

All lifting operations must be properly planned by a competent person with appropriate supervision
Involves maintenance, inspection and records on lifting equipment

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14
Q

State the aim of Work at Height Regulations

A

Providing protection such as harnesses, guard arresters and planning risk assessments, way of work and equipment inspections

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15
Q

State the aim of the Electricity at Work Regulations

A

Have electrical systems constructed to prevent danger
Maintenance to prevent danger
Carry out work on electrical systems in a safe manner and only when they’ve had training and/or supervision

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16
Q

State the aim of the Control of Electromagnetic Fields at Work Regulations

A

Requires assessment of levels of EMFs which employees may be exposed to.
Employers must provide knowledge on the effects of EMFs, EMF limits and safety conditions which must be met

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17
Q

State the aim of RIDDOR

A

Puts duties on employers and employees to report and keep records of:
work related accidents
dangerous occurrences or diagnosis of certain industrial diseases

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18
Q

State the aim of COSHH

A

Protect against illness caused by hazardous substances
Control and monitor exposure to hazardous substances
Risk assessment on practices involving chemicals

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19
Q

Why is it important to have a good health and safety culture at work?

A

Organisations with a positive safety culture have increased perceptions of the importance of safety and confidence in preventative measures

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20
Q

Give ways on how to maintain a health and safety culture

A

Regular training
Making sure health and safety information is easily available in workplace

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21
Q

Give the two types of laws in health and safety

A

Criminal law
Civil law

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22
Q

Give the two types of sources of law that can judge behaviour

A

Common law
Statute law

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23
Q

State the difference between criminal law and civil law

A

Criminal law enforces a code of conduct, punishment can be imposed if broke
Civil law allows a person to seek compensation to prevent further harm (ex.

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24
Q

State the difference between common law and statute law

A

Common law is developed by courts over time based on previous opinions by judges and tribunals
Statute law is written law passed by the government, failure to comply is a criminal offense

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25
Who is responsible for complying with health and safety legislations?
Employers, employees and the HSE
26
What do HSE inspectors do?
Inspect engineering sites, take photos and samples, talk about situations, give guidance and advice on work or processes
27
Heath and safety inspectors have the _____ _____ to enter a workplace _______ ______ ______.
Legal right, without giving notice
28
An engineering company is not following the appropriate H&S guidelines, what happens next?
An improvement notice may be given or a prohibition notice may be given if there is an extreme case of non-compliance
29
The engineering company has been given an improvement notice, how long do they have to take the corrective action?
A minimum of 21 days to allow duty-holder time to appeal to an industrial tribunal
30
According to HASAWA, what are the employer's responsibilities?
Minimise risks in storage and handling Training to maintain high standards in health and safety Ensure safety of visitors, contractors and members of the public
31
According to HASAWA, what are the employee's responsibilities?
Working safely to not cause injury to yourself or others Not interfering with anything provided in the interests of health, safety or welfare
32
What is the difference between local and national enforcing health and safety responsibilities?
Local - enforcement within service sectors (office, shops, warehousing, beauty sector, hotels) National - HSE is responsible for enforcement within manufacturing industries, medical and educational establishments
33
Define what the phrase "So far as is reasonably practicable"
Reduction of risk through balance of risk, effort, time and cost to mitigate
34
Give three common causes of industrial injuries
Exposure to a harmful or hot substance Fires and explosions Falls from height Slips and trips Being struck by an object
35
Why must a risk assessment be completed?
To back up a manufacturer's data sheet for COSHH To assess activities done by employees
36
Define an accident
Unplanned occurrence which may result in loss or harm
37
Define a hazard
Anything that has the potential to cause harm or loss
38
Define a risk
How likely it is that a hazard will occur
39
Give the stages of a risk assessment in order
Hazard identification -> Hazard and operability study -> Evaluation of risks (likelihood, severity, no. of people affected) -> Implementation of control measures -> Record of findings -> Review and revision if necessary
40
Give examples of HAZID
Equipment and tools, electricity, environment, harmful substances
41
What is HAZOP?
A structured and systematic technique for risk management to identify and evaluate potential safety hazards in an organisation
42
What is a risk matrix?
Used to define levels of risk by considering probability of an incident and the consequences
43
Give the hierarchy of controls in order of most to least effective
1. Elimination 2. Reduction/Substitution 3. Isolation 4. Engineering controls 5. Administration controls 6. PPE
44
Define the hierarchy of controls (in order from most-least effective)
1. Physical removal of a hazard 2. Replacement of a hazard with something less hazardous 3. Isolating machinery to protect people from a hazard 4. Use of machine guards for protection 5. Changing the way people work by training them 6. Protecting workers by using wearable protection
45
Define a safe system of work
Procedure to eliminate risks that are involved in a specific operation
46
What is a permit to work?
Grants permission for an individual to work in specialised, high-risk situations
47
Define Lock out, tag out (LOTO)
A safety procedure that ensures dangerous machines are properly shut off and cannot be started again. Worker holds a key for a lock so only they can remove it and start machine.
48
Name some environmental laws
Pollution Prevention and Control Act Clean Air Act Environmental Protection Act Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR) Controlled Waste Regulations Hazardous Waste Regulations
49
Who is the main body responsible for developing environmental legislation?
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)
50
State what areas the Pollution Prevention and Control Act covers
Waste, water quality, air quality and environmental noise
51
State what areas the Clean Air Act covers and what restrictions it enforces
Covers control on smoke emissions domestically and industrially Restrictions on height of chimneys and emissions regarding transport
52
It is an offence to cause what type of emission?
Dark smoke
53
State what areas the Environmental Protection Act covers
Designed to improve control of pollution of air, water and land through regulation of waste and control of emissions. Imposes duty care of any business or person who possesses controlled waste to do it safely
54
How should waste be managed before its collected?
Through **pre-treatment** - sorting recyclable and non-recyclable material, **Safe onsite storage**, Waste is collected by a **registered waste carrier**,
55
How should waste be managed after its collected?
Waste must be disposed by **licensed waste disposal plant**, **waste transfer notes** must be produced
56
Define what is classed by as a dangerous substance, under DSEAR
Solvents, paints, varnishes Flammable gases Dust from foodstuffs or machining/sanding operations Pressurised gases Substances corrosive to metal
57
According to DSEAR, what should employers do?
Identify dangerous substances and the risks Introduce control measures to remove risks or control them Prepare plans and procedures to deal with accidents Ensure employees are properly trained and informed to deal with risks
58
Give three types of environmental regulation focused on controlling radioactive waste
Radioactive Substances Act Controlled Waste Regulations Hazardous Waste Regulations
59
Define ISO 14001
Internationally agreed standard that sets out requirements for environmental management systems and helps companies work towards emission goals set by the **Paris Climate Accords**
60
State the main aim of ISO 14001
Enhance an organisation's environmental performance, fulfil their compliance and achieve their environmental objectives
61
Give the benefits of following ISO 14001 for organisations
Reduces waste and costs Gain trust of stakeholders Makes more efficient use of resources Achieve a competitive advantage
62
Give the benefits of the following: landfill, reuse, recycling, controlled waste
Landfill - Cheapest form of disposal Reuse - Cuts down single-use items Recycling - Less waste goes to landfill and requires less energy to recycle materials Controlled waste - Cuts down on toxic waste going to landfill
63
Give the limitations of the following: landfill, reuse, recycling, controlled waste
Landfill - May produce toxic chemicals Reuse - Reused products lesser quality Recycling - Some waste can't be recycled Controlled waste - Expensive and must take place at licensed waste disposal facility
64
Give three types of controlled waste
Agricultural wastewater, biomedical waste, chemical waste, demolition waste, electronic waste, food waste, industrial wastewater, mining waste, sewage, sharps waste
65
Why is the culture of consumption unsustainable?
Because extraction of raw materials requires high volumes of energy, once produced, goods are dumped in landfill
66
What is a zero waste approach?
Conversion of natural resources and reducing pollution from extraction, manufacturing and disposal. Fewer new products are needed because of the recycling of materials and long life of products
T Level Technical Qualification in Design and Development for Engineering and Manufacturing (8714)
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