T Level Technical Qualification in Design and Development for Engineering and Manufacturing (8714) > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

Engineering past, present and future (71 cards)

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1
Q

What do aerospace engineers design?

A

Air transport vehicles, internal structure of aircraft or spacecraft

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2
Q

What do agriculture engineers build?

A

Agricultural machinery, safer equipment for food processing or forestry equipment

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3
Q

What do automotive engineers design?

A

Road-based vehicles such as trucks, cars, buses or motorcycles

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4
Q

What do chemical engineers design?

A

Petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, plastics or drinking water

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5
Q

What do control engineers do?

A

Design and optimise complex systems like robotic systems, manufacturing assembly lines and control systems in transport

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6
Q

What do defence engineers do?

A

Design technology for national security like guns, vehicles and missile systems

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7
Q

What do electrical engineers design?

A

Electrical systems for buildings, transport or construction

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8
Q

What do electronic engineers design?

A

Circuitry and electronics like mobile phones, computers or robots

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9
Q

What do logistic engineers focus on?

A

The services of storage, warehousing, order fulfilment and shipment

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10
Q

What do manufacturing engineers do?

A

Research and development of new manufacturing processes, spread across various industries

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11
Q

What do marine engineers design?

A

Sea vessels like ships, boats, oil rigs and marine engines

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12
Q

What do materials engineers do?

A

Research and develop materials such as metal alloys, plastics and ceramics

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13
Q

What do medical engineers do?

A

Develop medical solutions and devices and address patient safety issues

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14
Q

What do petrochemical engineers produce?

A

Hydrocarbons such as natural gas, crude oil, petroleum, oil and gas

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15
Q

What do engineers who produce non-renewable power do?

A

Generate electricity and distribute power with sources such as coal, nuclear energy or petroleum

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16
Q

What do engineers who produce renewable power do?

A

Generate electricity and distribute power with sources such as solar, geothermal or wind energy

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17
Q

What do nuclear engineers do?

A

Ensure safety and efficiency of nuclear power plants through maintenance and repair

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18
Q

What do rail engineers do?

A

Maintain and improve railway systems or provide update to older systems

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19
Q

What do structural engineers do?

A

Maintenance, construction and design of load-bearing structures such as bridges, housing or public buildings

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20
Q

What do telecommunications engineers do?

A

Design and develop communication networks such as satellite systems, fibre optic systems or broadband

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21
Q

What do wastewater engineers do?

A

Supervise construction of water supply or water treatment systems such as pipework systems or flood defence structures

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22
Q

What do waste management engineers do?

A

Ensure safe disposal of toxic material and recycling of metals, contaminated rags or solvents

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23
Q

When was the first synthetic polymer invented?

A

1869

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24
Q

Why are scientists developing bioplastics?

A

Since plastic is valuable, they made an attempt to make it safer and sustainable

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25
When was **carbon fibre** patented?
1961
26
In 1966, Kevlar invented a ____-______ _____
**Para-aramid fibre**
27
When was electricity discovered?
1752
28
The first energy discovered from the Sun in 1839, was called, what?
**Photovoltaic (PV) energy**
29
When was the first practical light invented and what was it called?
An **arc lamp**, developed in 1806
30
What were the first commercial electric lights in the late 1880s?
**Incandescent lamps**
31
In 1934, what type of lighting was developed?
Commercial **fluorescent lighting**
32
Why were fluorescent lights less efficient?
95% of the energy was produced into heat, with only 5% being light
33
When were **LEDs** invented?
The early 1960s
34
Why are LEDs commonly used today?
They convert 95% of energy into light, with 5% being wasted as heat, so lighting is more efficient, cheaper and less harmful to the environment
35
When was the first **internal combustion** engine patented and what was it called?
1823 **Gas vacuum engine**
36
When was the first **petrol engine** made?
1884
37
Who designed and patented the first petrol-operated engine and in what year?
Carl Benz 1886
38
When was the first **electric motor** invented?
1834
39
When was the first **direct current (DC) motor** invented?
1886
40
The first **induction motor** was made in?
1892
41
When were **replaceable parts** invented or first used?
1798
42
When was the first **radio transmitter** developed and used?
In 1895 but were being used around 1900
43
Since the 1980s, radios have used electronic circuits to create _______ _____ ____________ (___)
**Digital audio broadcasting (DAB)**
44
When was the first television invented?
1920s
45
When did the **electronic TV** appear?
1927
46
When were **LED** TVs developed?
The early 1990s
47
What technology did electronic TVs use?
**Cathode ray tube (CRT)**
48
What are **OLED** TVs?
**Organic light-emitting diode** TVs
49
When was the first automated machine and what was it?
1785 A flour mill
50
What are the three key phases of the development of computers?
Early - 1940s Second Generation - 1950s Third Generation - 1960s
51
When was the **internet** developed?
1983
52
Define **artificial intelligence (AI)**
Intelligence demonstrated by computer systems
53
What are the applications of AI?
Self-driving cars Online shopping Factory systems Educational tools Healthcare technology
54
Define **virtual reality (VR)**
Technology that simulates vision to mimic a 3D environment so a user is immersed in that environment
55
What are the applications of VR?
Automotive design Online shopping Entertainment Training and education Tourism
56
Define **augmented reality (AR)**
Interactive experience of the real physical world delivered by technology
57
What are the applications and uses of digitalisation?
Scanning of documents Improve quality control through faster data collection Automation of machines
57
What are the applications of AR?
Retail Education Manufacturing Hands-free operation of devices Navigation
58
Define **digitalisation**
Conversion of media like text, sound or pictures into a digital form
59
Define **autonomous systems**
Automatic systems that do not really on direct human intervention
60
What industries use **robotics**?
Manufacturing, mining, automotive, healthcare, warehousing, aerospace
61
Define what **drones** are
Flying robots that can be remotely controlled or fly autonomously
62
What are the applications of drones?
Surveillance and intelligence gathering Shopping deliveries Agriculture Photography Emergency rescue
63
Define **hybrid technology**
Systems that combined two or more technologies to make more efficient systems
64
Give some examples of hybrid technology systems
Wind/solar photovoltaic (PV) Wind/diesel Fuel cell/gas turbine Wind/fuel cell Petrol/electricity
65
Define what a **cyber-physical system (CPS)** is
An intelligent computer system where a mechanism is controlled by computer-based algorithms
66
Give examples of CPSs
Robots Intelligent buildings Implantable medical devices Self-driving cars Planes flying in a controlled airspace
67
Define the **Internet of Things (IoT)**
A network of physical objects that are embedded with sensors, software and other technologies to connect and exchange data
68
Define **cloud computing**
The delivery of computing services over the internet (the cloud)
69
Define the **circular economy** and give the stages
A system used to reduce impact of use of materials Design --> Manufacture --> User --> Recycle
70
What are some new solutions to tackle waste disposal?
AI robots to sort through recyclable waste Generating power from waste
T Level Technical Qualification in Design and Development for Engineering and Manufacturing (8714)
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