Unit 17 Flashcards

Project and programme management (57 cards)

1
Q

List the stages of a project life cycle

A

Initiation
Planning
Implementation
Monitoring
Reporting
Evaluation

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2
Q

What should a project brief contain?

A

Project goals
Deliverables
Timeline
Budget
Success criteria

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3
Q

Creating a project brief is a, what?

A

An iterative process

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4
Q

What acronym is used for project goals?

A

S.M.A.R.T

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5
Q

What does S.M.A.R.T stand for?

A

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Timely

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6
Q

What questions do you need to ask yourself for the initiation phase of a project?

A

Why - purpose and goals
What - scope of project
Who - key stakeholders

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7
Q

Give an example of an agile management technique

A

Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA)

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8
Q

What steps need to be established in the planning phase of a project?

A
  • Detailing the scope and budget
  • Setting team responsibilities
  • Deadlines and milestones
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9
Q

Give an example of a tool used to plan projects

A

Gantt chart

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10
Q

What happens during the implementation phase of a project?

A

Project team does the work to produce the deliverables
Project starts

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11
Q

Give examples of problems that can occur in the implementation phase

A

New worker joins
More urgent project starts
Customer pulls out of agreement

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12
Q

Define minutes

A

Descriptions of what happens in a meeting

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13
Q

Give examples of project monitoring

A
  • Tracking project schedule
  • Monitoring budget
  • Regular meetings
  • Identifying roadblocks
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14
Q

What considerations need to be made during the reporting stage of the project life cycle?

A
  • Accurate and transparent reporting
  • Tools should be kept up to date
  • Project manager reports progress to stakeholders at milestones
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15
Q

What happens during the evaluation stage of the project life cycle?

A

Identification of successes and failures against the success criteria

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16
Q

Where can constraints appear from?

A

The customer
Available resources & time
Costings
Available staffing/skills
Benefits

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17
Q

Give examples of customer constraints

A

Client may have high eco standards
Client may be in different regions with different legislation

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18
Q

Why do some projects require a business case to be made?

A

To demonstrate the value of the project to the business

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19
Q

What should R&D consider when developing a product design?

A

Risks associated with design, prototyping and manufacture

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20
Q

Why is compromising on quality a risk factor in a project?

A

It requires careful assessment to seek alternative solutions

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21
Q

What happens if a project lasts too long?

A

Losses, contract penalties, extra staffing

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22
Q

How can risks be reduced?

A

By having contingency plans in place

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23
Q

Why is clear documentation very important in a project?

A

Risk of miscommunication or design errors

24
Q

Why is reputation an important factor in a project?

A

The project shouldn’t damage or devalue the brand

25
How can the factor of change be managed in a project?
Maintaining regular and open communication with stakeholders
26
What are **contingency costs**?
Money included for unforeseen problems
27
What is the difference between a **matrix structure** and a **management hierarchy**
Management = vertical reporting lines of management Matrix = brings groups together, all report to project manager
28
Give examples of file sharing technologies used in collaborative working
* Calendar sharing tools * File-sharing tools and document synchronisation * Cloud storage
29
Give examples of collaborative technologies used in collaborative working
* Video-conferencing * Digital whiteboards * Instant messaging
30
Give examples of **specialised project management tools** used in collaborative working
Jira Trello Smartsheet Monday.com
31
Give the benefits of remote working practices
Better work/life balance Better productivity Improved wellbeing Better creativity
32
What is the responsibilities of a **project manager**?
* Planning and executing projects * Coordinate resources, staff and activities * Oversees project progress
33
Give examples of different **project team members**
Designers, engineers, production staff, finance/marketing staff
33
What is the **client's** responsibilities?
* Give clear and accurate information about requirements * Raise the alarm if anything strays from the brief
34
What might a **regulator** do to contribute to a project?
* Attend project meetings to help maintain standards * Conduct site visits over the course of the project
35
What are some key project responsibilities?
**Communication** **Monitoring** **Planning** **Finance** **Reporting**
36
What should a good engineering plan take into account?
Time Budget Human resources Training needs Communication needs Means of production
37
What are the four types of planning approaches?
**Operational planning** **Strategic planning** **Tactical planning** **Contingency planning**
38
# Operational, strategic, tactical, contingency What does each of the four planning approaches refer to? | In the order above
* How things **should** happen in an ideal world? * What are all the requirements to achieve the aim? * How things will **actually** happen? * What if something unexpected happens?
39
Give the benefits of Gantt charts for project management
* Easy to interpret * Allows tasks to be assigned and accountabilities made clear * Stakeholders can see milestone dates in a schedule * Project status is clear
40
Give limitations of Gantt charts for project management
* Dependencies hard to interpret and can be cluttered * Inflexible as lots of revision is required to revise the chart if changes occur
41
What does a **critical path analysis** show?
How tasks should be completed in the most efficient way
42
What does **PERT** stand for?
Projection evaluation and review technique
43
What does a PERT chart show?
How long it will take to finish a project
44
What is **slack time** or **float time**?
Spare time that can be used to complete extra tasks
45
What are the three estimates for a PERT formula?
1. Optimistic Time (O) 2. Pessimistic time (P) 3. Most likely time (M)
46
# O, P, M What do the time estimates mean?
* Minimum amount of time needed to accomplish a task * Maximum amount of time needed to accomplish a task * Best estimate of how long it will take to accomplish a task
47
Give the benefits of CPA
* Provides visual analysis of project * Useful for planning time critical projects * Provides contingency, reducing risk * Easier to identify dependencies
48
Give the limitations of CPA
* Needs training to create and interpret a CPA chart * Doesn't store much information about resources or staff * Complex projects can result in long charts
49
Define **project control**
The process of data gatherng and analysis that can help decision making in projects
50
What does the term **manage by stages** mean?
Used to describe how a project is planned, seperated by **decision points**
51
Give the benefits of managing by stages
* Sets regular points to check on progress * Can be used alongside PERT chart * Knowledge from previous stages can inform future stages
52
Give the limitations of managing by stages
* Control points take chunks of management team's time
53
What does the term **manage by expection** mean?
Used to describe escalating an issue which exceeds the tolerance agreed at the start of project
54
Give the benefits of managing by exception
* Saves time and shows trust in project manager
55
Give the limitations of managing by exception
* Something might get missed - relies on good project management
56
What are **lessons learned**?
Changes a business can implement to processes or team structures to improve future projects