T Level Technical Qualification in Design and Development for Engineering and Manufacturing (8714) > Unit 7 > Flashcards

Unit 7 Flashcards

Mechanical principles (56 cards)

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1
Q

What does Newton’s first law of motion state?

A

An object will not change its speed or direction unless an unbalanced force affects it.

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2
Q

What is the formula for Newton’s law of inertia?

A

I=m*r^2 I=moment of inertia, m=mass, r=distance from axis of rotation

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3
Q

What does Newton’s second law of motion state?

A

Acceleration is produced when an unbalanced force acts on an object, more mass = more net force used to move it

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4
Q

What is the formula for Newton’s second law?

A

F=ma

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5
Q

Give an alternative formula you can use for Newton’s second law of motion?

A

W=mg (where g is 9.81m/s^2)

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6
Q

A box has a force of 100N acting on it, the mass of the box is 200kg, work out the acceleration of the box.

A

100=200*a 200/100 = 2m/s^2

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7
Q

What does Newton’s third law of motion state?

A

For every force, there’s an equal and an opposite that produces same change in momentum in opposite direction.

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8
Q

A reaction force is, what?

A

A force that acts in the opposite direction to an applied force.

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9
Q

When a number of forces act on a body, they are called a _____ ______ or a ______ __ ______.

A

Force system, system of forces

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10
Q

Give examples of contact forces

A

Tension, friction, normal reaction force, air resistance

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11
Q

Give examples of non-contact forces.

A

Magnetic force, electrostatic force, gravitational force, nuclear force

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12
Q

Give the definition of a con-current force.

A

Forces act on one point only

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13
Q

What are collinear forces?

A

Forces that have the same line of action

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14
Q

State the difference between a concurrent force and a non-concurrent force.

A

Non-concurrent doesn’t act on one point, concurrent acts on one point.

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15
Q

How do you calculate reaction forces in simply supported beams?

A

R1 or R2 * L = F * L1 or L2, R1+R2=F

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16
Q

A beam has a length of 7m, with a force of 100N acting in the middle. Calculate the reaction forces.

A

Ra * 7m = 100N * 3.5m
Rb * 7m = 100N * 3.5m
Ra|Rb * 7 = 350N/m / 7 = 50N
Ra=50N, Rb=50N

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17
Q

What are the two types of bending moment?

A

Sagging bending moments (positive) and hogging bending movements (negative)

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18
Q

Give the formula for UDL?

A

Wl/2 W=weight per metre, l=length

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19
Q

What is the formula for bending moment?

A

Mx = W/2 (la - a^2)

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20
Q

Define linear acceleration

A

How quickly velocity of a moving object changes om a straight line.

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21
Q

Give the formula for linear acceleration

A

Linear acceleration=change in velocity/time taken

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22
Q

Give three formulas used to calculate velocity

A

v=u + at
v^2 =u^2 + 2as
s =ut + 1/2at^2

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23
Q

Describe conservation of momentum

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A

State where the total momentum is the same if no net forces are acting on an object.

24
Q

Give the formula for momentum

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A

Momentum = mass * velocity
p=mv

25
Energy can be ____________, ______ or __________.
Transferred, stored, or dissipated
26
Give the formula for **potential energy**.
PE = mgh
27
Give the formula for kinetic energy
KE=1/2mv^2
28
Give the formula used to calculate momentum due to collisions.
m1+u1+m2+u2 = (m1+m2) * u3
29
Car A has a mass of **2000kg** travelling at a velocity at **30km/h**. It collides with Car B which has a mass of **1500kg** travelling with a velocity of **10km/h**. Assuming no energy is lost, find the final velocity of the combined cars
(2000 + 30) + (1500 + 10) = (2000+1500) * u3 (2030) + (1510) = (3500) * u3 3,540 = 3500 * u3 **u3 = 1.011km/h**
30
Give the formula for **work done**
Work done = force * distance moved in the direction of force
31
Define mechanical energy
The energy that is possessed by an object due to its motion
32
Give the formula for power
Power=work done (energy transferred)/time taken
33
Define D'Alembert's principle.
Sum of differences between forces exerted on an object, minus time rate of change of momentum equals zero.
34
Give the formula for D'Alembert's principle
(Fa - Fb) - ma=0
35
Give the three formulas for freefall
h=1/2 gt^2 v^2 = 2gh v=gt
36
What is frictional resistance?
Force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it
37
Give the formula for **friction**
Fmax = µ x normal reaction
38
Give the formula for braking force
Fbraking = ma = m/ v-u/t
39
What does the amount of rotational kinetic energy depend on?
**Moment of inertia** (rotational mass) and **angular velocity**
40
Give the formula for **translational** kinetic energy.
Etrans=1/2mv^2
41
Give the formula for rotational kinetic energy.
Erot=½ I ω²
42
Give the formula for spring force
Fspring=kx k=spring constant, x=extension or compression
43
State the difference between renewables and non-renewables
Renewable can be replenished over and over again. Non-renewables will eventually run out.
44
Give some examples of non-renewable sources of energy
Oil, coal and natural gas
45
Where does oil and gas come from?
Extracted from the ground by drilling
46
Give and describe another method of extracting gas
Fracking - process of drilling into earth and directing high pressure mix of water, sand and chemicals at rock layer to release the gas inside
47
Give two ways coal is mined.
**Surface mining** **Underground mining**
48
How is nuclear energy generated?
Using **nuclear fission**
49
Give the main advantage for using nuclear energy for energy supply
Offers a consistent supply of electricity
50
Give the main advantage for using fossil fuels for energy supply.
High energy quantity Easy to transport
51
Give three examples of renewable energy sources
Solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biofuel
52
Give the main advantage for using renewables for energy supply.
Naturally replenishing Clean energy
53
What is Archimedes screw?
A positive displacement pump that lifts water upward.
54
Define biomass
An organic renewable energy source that uses natural materials
55
What is the internal combustion engine?
An engine which uses fuel mixed with air to expand pressure gases that applies direct forces to pistons or turbine blades to generate energy
56
What is an electric motor?
A motor that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy using a magnetic field to generate a torque force on the motor's shaft
T Level Technical Qualification in Design and Development for Engineering and Manufacturing (8714)
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