What is a Territorial State?
A state that is in between an empire and a city.
Who were the Minoans?
An ancient civilization that lived mainly on the island of Crete, known for their trade culture and a writing system called Linear A, which is undeciphered.
What was Knossos?
The capital of the Minoans, featuring a complex building with royal apartments, a throne room, and a central court room.
What is Linear A?
The Minoans’ writing system that has not been deciphered.
Who were the Mycenaeans?
A civilization that rose to prominence from 1600-800 BCE, known for conquering Crete and establishing a Territorial State in Greece.
What is Linear B?
The Mycenaeans’ writing system that uses syllables and ideographic signs, associated with Homer’s Iliad.
What is the Epic of Gilgamesh?
A story written in Akkadian about Gilgamesh, a ruler of Uruk, who is depicted as two-thirds god and one-third man.
What is a City State?
A sovereign and independent state consisting of a city and its surrounding territory, forming a distinct political, economic, and cultural entity.
What are the Steppes?
A vast grassland plain area in Eurasia, particularly in Mongolia, where people focused on livestock rather than crops.
What is the Rosetta Stone?
An artifact inscribed with three languages: Hieroglyphics, Demotic, and Ancient Greek, which helped in understanding these languages.
What is the Indus/Harrapan Society?
An urban society in the Indus River Valley, often referred to as Harrapan due to its prominent city, Harappa.
What are Harappa and Mohenjo-daro?
The two largest cities in the Indus society, with Harappa being the most significant.
What is Erlitou China?
An archaeological site in China that shows early urban evidence, including weapons and palatial structures.
What is the Xia Dynasty?
A largely mythical dynasty in China, believed to be the first, but with little evidence to support its existence.
What is the Shang Dynasty?
A Chinese dynasty that lasted from 1570-1027 BCE. It is the first Dynasty that we have proof of existing, with the rumors of a Xia dynasty being before it.
What are Oracle Bones?
The earliest evidence of a writing system in China, used for divination by interpreting cracks formed by heating bones.
What is the Zhou Dynasty?
A Chinese dynasty that lasted from 1027-771 BCE. Came after the Shang dynasty
What is the Mandate of Heaven?
A principle stating that a ruler can be replaced if deemed evil, as they are considered God’s representative on Earth. (china)
Why was the Nile River important to Egypt?
It flooded annually, depositing nutrient-rich sediment that facilitated agriculture without the need for extensive irrigation.
What is a Pharaoh?
The title for the rulers of ancient Egypt.
What were Memphis and Thebes?
Two of the greatest cities in ancient Egypt, often regarded as the most significant.
What is the Great Pyramid at Giza?
The largest pyramid ever constructed, built for Pharaoh Khufu.
What is Nubia?
An important trade area between Egypt and Africa, which remained unique and relatively free under Egyptian control.
Who were the Hyksos?
A group that conquered Egypt using superior weapons and chariots, leading to advancements in Egypt post-conquest.
