1
Q
A rigid structural member designed to carry and transfer transverse loads across space to supporting elements
A
BEAM
2
Q
The extent of space between two supports of a structure. Also, the structure so supported
A
SPAN
3
Q
the distance between the inner faces of the supports of a span
A
CLEAR SPAN
4
Q
the center-to-center distance between the supports of a span
A
EFFECTIVE SPAN
5
Q
An external moment tending to cause part of a structure to rotate or bend, equal to the algebraic sum of the moments about the neutral axis of the section under consideration
A
BENDING MOMENT
6
Q
The perpendicular distance a spanning member deviates from a true course under transverse loading, increasing with load and span, and decreasing with an increase in the moment of inertia of the section or the modulus of elasticity of the material
A
DEFLECTION
7
Q
An internal moment equal and opposite to a bending moment, generated by a force couple to maintain equilibrium of the section being considered
A
RESISTING MOMENT
8
Q
A slight convex curvature intentionally built into a beam, girder, or truss to compensate for an anticipated deflection
A
CAMBER
9
Q
An imaginary line passing through the centroid of the cross section of a beam or other member subject to bending, along which no bending stresses occur
A
NEUTRAL AXIS
10
Q
A combination of compressive and tensile stresses developed at a cross section of a structural member to resist a transverse force, having a maximum value at the surface furthest from the neutral axis
A
BENDING STRESS
11
Q
A shear force at a cross section of a beam or other member subject to bending equal to the algebraic sum of transverse forces on one side of the section
A
TRANSVERSE SHEAR
12
Q
The shearing stress developed along a cross section of a beam to resist transverse shear, having a maximum value at the neutral axis and decreasing nonlinearly toward the outer faces
A
VERTICAL SHEARING STRESS
13
Q
the shearing stress developed to prevent slippage along horizontal planes of a beam under transverse loading, equal at any point to the vertical shearing stress at that point.
A
HORIZONTAL SHEARING STRESS Or LONGITUDINAL SHEARING STRESS
14
Q
A formula defining the relationship between bending moment, bending stress, and the cross-sectional properties of a beam. Bending stress is directly proportional to bending moment and inversely proportional to the moment of inertia of a beam section
A
FLEXURE FORMULA
15
Q
It is a geometric property that indicates how the cross-sectional area of a structural member is distributed and does not reflect the intrinsic physical properties of a material
A
MOMENT OF INERTIA
16
Q
the buckling of a structural member induced by compressive stresses acting on a slender portion insufficiently rigid in the lateral direction
A
LATERAL BUCKLING
17
Q
At which part of the beam where only bending stresses exist?
A
at the extreme surfaces of a beam
18
Q
the tensile and compressive stresses resulting from the interaction of bending and shear stresses at a cross section of a beam
A
PRINCIPAL STRESSES
19
Q
At which part of the beam where only shear stresses exist?
A
at the neutral axis
20
Q
the point in the cross-sectional plane of a structural member through which a transverse load must pass in order to prevent torsion or twisting of the member about a longitudinal axis
A
SHEAR CENTER
21
Q
A beam resting on simple supports at both ends, which are free to rotate and have no moment resistance. AS with any statically determinate structure, the values of all reactions, shears, and moments for a this type of beam are independent of its cross-sectional shape and material
A
SIMPLE BEAM
22
Q
A projecting beam supported at only one fixed end
A
CANTILEVER BEAM
23
Q
A graphic representation of the variation in magnitude of the external shears present in a structure for a given set of transverse loads and support conditions
A
SHEAR DIAGRAM
24
Q
A graphic representation of the variation in magnitude of the bending moments present in a structure for a given set of transverse loads and support conditions. the overall deflected shape of a structure subject to bending can often be inferred from the shape of the diagram
A
MOMENT DIAGRAM
25
A beam or other rigid structural member extending beyond a fulcrum and supported by a balancing member or a downward force behind the fulcrum
CANTILEVER
26
A simple beam extending beyond one of its supports. The overhang reduces the positive moment at midspan while developing a negative moment at the base of the cantilever over the support
OVERHANGING BEAM
27
A simple beam extending beyond both of its supports
DOUBLE OVERHANGING BEAM
28
A net resultant of shear forces that acts vertically upward on the left part of the structure being considered
POSITIVE SHEAR
29
A net resultant shear forces that acts vertically downward on the left part of the structure being considered
NEGATIVE SHEAR
30
A point at which a structure changes curvature from convex to concave or vice versa as it deflects under transverse load; theoretically, an internal hinge and therefore a point of zero moment
INFLECTION POINT
31
the part of a beam that is thickened or deepened to develop greater moment resistance. The efficiency of a beam can be increased by shaping its length in response to the moment and shear values, which typically vary along its longitudinal axis
HAUNCH
32
A beam extending over more than two supports in order to develop greater rigidity and smaller moments than a series of multiple beams having similar spans and loading.
CONTINUOUS BEAM
33
A beam having both ends restrained against translation and rotation.
FIXED-END BEAM
34
the distance between inflection points in the span of a fixed-end or continuous beam, equivalent in nature to the actual length of a simply supported beam
EFFECTIVE LENGTH
35
A simple beam supported by the cantilevers of two adjoining spans with pinned construction joints at points zero moment
SUSPENDED SPAN or HUNG-SPAN
36
A bending moment that produces a convex curvature at a section of a structure
NEGATIVE MOMENT
37
A bending moment that produces a concave curvature at a section of a structure
POSITIVE MOMENT
38
A masonry unit of clay, formed into a rectangular prism white plastic and hardened by drying in the sun or firing in a kiln.
BRICK
39
What brick is made for general building purposes and not specially treated for color and texture.
COMMON BRICK or BUILDING BRICK
40
Brick made of special clays for facing a wall, often treated to produce the desired color and surface texture.
FACE BRICK or FACING BRICK
41
A designation indicating the permissible variation in size, color, chippage, and distortion allowed in a facing brick unit
BRICK TYPE
42
A designation indicating the durability of a brick unit when exposed to weathering
BRICK GRADE
43
What do you call the process of forming brick by molding relatively wet day having a moisture content of 20% to 30%?
SOFT-MUD PROCESS
44
what brick is formed in the soft-mud process with a mold lined with sand to prevent sticking, producing a matte-textured surface?
SAND-STUCK BRICK
45
what brick is formed in the soft-mud process with a mold lubricated with water to prevent sticking, producing a smooth, dense surface?
WATER-STRUCK BRICK
46
what do you call the process of forming brick and structural tile by extruding stiff but plastic day having a moisture content of 12% to 15% through a die and cutting the extrusion to length with wires before firing?
STIFF-MUD PROCESS
47
What do you call the process of forming brick by molding relatively dry clay having a moisture content of 5% to 7% under high pressure, resulting in Sharp-edged, smooth-surfaced bricks?
DRY-PRESS PROCESS
48
what do you call the furnace or oven for burning, baking, or drying something, esp. one for firing pottery, baking bricks, or drying timber?
KILN
49
What is a brick or timber a rejected as being inferior in quality?
CULL
50
what brick is made of fire clay used for lining furnaces & fireplace?
FIREBRICK
51
What is a refractory clay used in the making of firebricks, crucibles, and other objects exposed to high temperatures?
FIRE CLAY
52
A material having the ability to retain its physical shape and chemical identity when subjected to high temperatues
REFRACTORY
53
What is a dense, hard-burned brick used esp. for paving?
CLINKER
54
what is a white powdery deposit that forms on an exposed masonry or concrete surface, caused by the learning and crystallization of soluble salts from within the material?
EFFLORESCENCE
55
The weight of water absorbed by a clay masonry unit when immersed in either cold or boiling water for a stated length of time, expressed as a percentage of the weight of the dry unit
ABSORPTION
56
The ratio of the weight of water absorbed by a clay masonry unit immersed in cold water to the weight absorbed when immersed in boiling water, indicating the probable resistance of the brick to the action of freezing and thawing
SATURATION COEFFICIENT
57
The weight of water absorbed by a clay masonry unit when partially immersed for 1 minute, expressed in grams or ounces per minute
SUCTION or INITIAL RATE OF ABSORPTION
58
What do you call a brick dimension larger than the actual dimension to account for the thickness of a mortar joint?
NOMINAL DIMENSION
59
What is any various oversized bricks having nominal dimensions established by the manufacturer?
JUMBO BRICK
60
What brick or file has normal face dimensions but a nominal thickness of 2 ?in. (51 min)
SOAP
61
What brick is cut transversely so as to leave one end whole?
BAT
62
It means to chip or rub stones or bricks to a certain size or shape
GAUGE
63
Refers to brick construction esp. the art of bonding bricks effectively
BRICKWORK
64
Refers to any of various arrangements of masonry units having a regular, recognizable, usually overlapping pattern to increase the strength and enhance the appearance of the construction
BOND
65
A brickwork or masonry bond composed of overlapping stretchers
RUNNING BOND or STRETCHER BOND
66
A continuous course of soldiers in brickwork
SOLDIER COURSE
67
A brickwork or masonry bond having successive courses of stretchers with all head joints aligned vertically
STACK BOND
68
A brickwork or bond having a course of headers between every five or six courses of stretchers
COMMON BOND or AMERICAN BOND
69
A masonry unit specially formed or out to finish a course or complete the band at the corner of a wall
CLOSER or CLOSURE
70
A continuous course of stretchers in brickwork
STRETCHING COURSE
71
A continuous course of headers in brickwork
HEADING COURSE
72
A brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall with the longer edge exposed or parallel to the surface
STRETCHER
73
A brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall with the shorter end exposed or parallel to the surface
HEADER
74
A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with a shorter end exposed
ROWLOCK or ROLLOCK
75
A brick laid vertically with the longer face edge exposed
SOLDIER
76
A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with the broad face exposed
SHINER or BULL STRETCHER
77
A brick laid vertically with a broad face exposed
SAILOR
78
A continuous course of headers or bondstones overlapping more than one wythe of masonry
BOND COURSE
79
A brickwork bond having alternate courses of headers and stretchers in which the headers are centered on stretchers and the joints between stretchers line up vertically in all courses
ENGLISH BOND
80
A brick of half the normal width, used for completing a course or for spacing regular bricks
QUEEN CLOSER or QUEEN CLOSURE
81
A modified English bond in which the head joints in the stretching courses are offset by half the length of the stretcher
ENGLISH CROSS BOND or DUTCH BOND
82
A brickwork bond having alternating headers and stretchers in each course, each header being centered above and below a stretcher
FLEMISH BOND
83
A three-quarter brick for finishing a course or for spacing regular bricks
KING CLOSER or KING CLOSURE
84
A modified Flemish bond having courses of alternate headers and stretchers alternating with stretching courses
FLEMISH CROSS BOND
85
A brick having a darker end exposed as a header in patterned brickwork
FLARE HEADER
86
A brickwork bond for lightly loaded boundary walls, having a sequence of a header and three stretchers in each course, with each header being centered over a header in alternate courses
GARDEN-WALL BOND
87
A form of Flemish cross bond in which the courses are offset to form a diamond pattern
FLEMISH DIAGONAL BOND
88
What is a relatively permanent enclosed structure constructed over a plot of land for habitable use?
BUILDING
89
What is a roof with one slope called?
LEAN-TO
90
What roof has two slopes that rests upon parallel walls and lean against one another meeting in a horizontal ridge at the top?
GABLE
91
what roof is carried by circular walls?
CONICAL (CONE) or DOMICAL (DOME)
92
what is the inclined line where the roofs intersect if two walls make a projecting angle?
HIP
93
What is the inclined line of intersection if two walls meet in a reentering angle?
VALLEY
94
What is the projection called if the roof extends beyond the wall that supports it?
EAVES
95
What is the projection called if the wall also projects to support the extension of the roof?
CORNICE
96
What is the principal member of a cornice, which projects like a shell and crowns the wall?
CORONA
97
what is the projection called when walls are generally made wider just at the bottom so as to get a better bearing on the ground?
BASE
98
what is the projection called when walls are generally made wider at the top?
CAP
99
What is a low wall called?
PARAPET
100
what is a short piece of wall about as long as it is thick and supports something?
PEDESTAL
101
What do you call the part between the cap and base of post & pedestal?
DIE
102
What do you call the caps of piers and columns?
CAPITALS
103
What do you call the part between the cap and base of piers and columns?
SHAFT
104
What do you call a beam that spans the space between two piers or columns or between a pier or column and a wall?
ARCHITRAVE or EPISTYLE
105
What do you call the flat upper member of a capital?
ABACUS
106
What do you call the flat upper member of a capital?What do you call the part between the architrave and cornice?
FRIEZE
107
Architrave + frieze + cornice = ?
ENTABLATURE
108
what do you call a series of columns?
COLONNADE
109
What do you call a series of arches?
ARCADE
110
what is a vertical extension of a building or other construction above the foundation?
SUPERSTRUCTURE
111
what do you call the exterior framework or walls and roof of a building?
SHELL
112
What is the underlying structure forming the foundation of a building or other construction?
SUBSTRUCTURE
113
A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent things or parts forming a complex or unified whole esp. to serve a common purpose
SYSTEM
114
what constitutes the chief supporting members of a building?
WALL, PIER, and COLUMN
115
What constitutes the chief part of the load carried by the supporting members?
FRIEZE and CORNICE with the ROOF
116
these are part of the load relative to what is below them but are supporting members relative to what is above them
ARCHITRAVE, ARCHES, SPANDRELS
117
What is a building esp. one of large size, massive structure, imposing appearance?
EDIFICE
118
what is a bldg of exceptional height and many stories, supported by a steel or concrete framework from which the walls are suspended?
SKYSCRAPER
119
What describes a bldg having a comparatively large number of stories and equipped with elevators?
HIGH-RISE
120
What describes a bldg having one, too, or three stories and usually no elevator?
LOW-RISE
121
What is a complete horizontal division of a bldg having continuous or nearly continuous floor and comprising the space between two adjacent levels?
STORY
122
What describes a bldg having a moderately large number of stories, usually 5 to 10, and equipped with elevators?
MID-RISE
123
What do you call one of the upper floors of a warehouse or factory, typically unpartitioned and sometimes converted or adapted to other uses, such as living quarters, artist’s studios, or exhibition galleries?
LOFT
124
A bldg having several floors with large areas of unobstructed space, originally rented out for light industrial purposes and now frequently converted to residential occupancy
LOFT BLDG
125
What is a room or space directly under the roof of a bldg esp. a house?
ATTIC
126
what is a usable living space within a sloping roof, usually having dormer windows for lighting?
HALF-STORY
127
what is an area in a bldg having a clearance less than human height, but accessible by crawling esp. such a space below the first floor that is enclosed by the foundation walls?
CRAWL SPACE
128
what is a room or set of rooms for the storage of food, fuel, or the like, wholly or partly underground and usually beneath a bldg ?
CELLAR
129
what is a cellar or other underground place for shelter during violent storms, such as cyclones, tornadoes, or hurricanes.
STORM CELLAR or CYCLONE CELLAR
130
what is a horizontal or inclined door over a stairway giving access to a cellar?
BULKHEAD
131
what is a continuous supporting surface extending horizontally throughout a bldg, having a number of rooms and constituting one level in the structure?
FLOOR
132
What is a low or partial story between two main stories of a bldg esp. one that projects as a balcony and forms a composition with the story beneath it?
MEZZANINE
133
What is the ground floor of bldg? (In Britain, it is the floor immediately above the ground floor)
FIRST FLOOR
134
what is the floor of a bldg at or nearest to ground level?
GROUND FLOOR
135
what is a story of a bldg that is wholly or partly below ground level?
BASEMENT
136
what is any story or floor below the main basement of a bldg?
SUBBASEMENT
137
what is a sunken area affording access, air, and light to a basement door or window?
AREAWAY
138
what is the front of a bldg or any of its sides facing a public way or space, esp. one distinguished by its architectural treatments?
FACADE
139
Refers to a principal facade, or a part or feature of a facade, often treated as a separate element of the design and highlighted by ornamentation
FRONTISPIECE
140
In French Architecture, a term describing the central element of a bldg as opposed to its subsidiary wings & pavilions.
CORPS DE LOGIS
141
A projecting subdivision of a facade, usually accented by more elaborate decoration or greater height and distinction of skyline
PAVILION
142
what is a facade falsifying the size or importance of a bldg?
FALSE FRONT
143
What is a major horizontal architectural division, as of a facade or the wall of a nave?
STORY
144
What is any of a number of principal compartments or divisions of a wall, roof, or other part of a bldg marked off by vertical or transverse supports?
BAY
145
Describes a recess in a wall having the appearance of a window or door, inserted to complete a series of windows or to provide symmetry of design
BLIND
146
what is a major horizontal division of a wall having no exterior windows?
BLIND STORY
147
what is an elevated platform projecting from the wall of a bldg and enclosed by a railing or parapet?
BALCONY
148
What do you call the design, proportioning, and disposition of windows and other exterior openings of a bldg ?
FENESTRATION
149
What is a raised platform, approached by steps and sometimes having a roof, at the entrance of a house?
STOOP
150
What is an exterior appendage to a bldg forming a covered approach or vestibule to a doorway?
PORCH
151
What is a large, open porch, usually roofed and partly enclosed as by a railing often extending across the front and sides of a house?
VERANDA
152
What is a porch having a roof supported by columns often leading to the entrance of a bldg?
PORTICO
153
What is a series of regularly spaced columns supporting an entablature and usually one side of a roof structure?
COLONNADE
154
what is a veranda, esp. one used as a living room?
LANAI
155
What is a vehicular passageway leading through a bldg or screen wall into an interior courtyard?
PORTE COCHERE
156
what is a courtyard before the entrance to a bldg or group of bldgs?
FORECOURT
157
What is a private or side entrance, as one for pedestrians next to a porte cochere?
POSTERN
158
What is a porch projecting over a driveway at the entrance to a bldg and sheltering those getting on or out of vehicles?
PORTE COCHERE or CARRIAGE PORCH
159
What is an open, often paved area connected to a house or bldg and serving as an outdoor living area?
TERRACE
160
What is an open, unroofed porch or platform extending from a house or other bldg?
DECK
161
What is a doorway, gate, or entrance, esp an imposing one emphasized by size and stately architectural treatment?
PORTAL
162
What is a round, domed bldg, or a large and high circular space in such a bldg, esp. one surmounted by a dome?
ROTUNDA
163
What is a bldg or structure high in proportion to its lateral dimensions, either standing alone or forming part of a larger bldg ?
TOWER
164
what is a large bldg divided into a number of separate apartments, offices, or shops?
BLOCK
165
What is any of a series of columns supporting a bldg above an open ground level?
PILOTI
166
What is a part of a bldg projecting from and subordinate to a central or main part?
WING
167
What is a wing at right angles to the length of a bldg ?
ELL or EL
168
What is a rectangular bldg having little width with respect to its length and height?
SLAB
169
What is a court adjacent to or within a bldg, esp one enclosed on all four sides?
COURTYARD
170
What is a courtyard, esp. of a house, enclosed by low bldgs, arcades, or walls?
PATIO
171
What is an open, skylit court around which a house or bldg is built?
ATRIUM
172
What is a colonnaded or arcaded space within the body of a building but open to the air on one side often at an upper story overlooking an open court
LOGGIA
173
What is the principal story of a large building, such as a palace or villa with formal reception and dining rooms, usually one flight above the ground floor?
PIANO NOBILE
174
What is an area open to the sky and mostly or entirely surrounded by walls or bldgs?
COURT
175
What is a large imposing public building or private residence, especially in Italy?
PALAZZO
176
Refers to face in a specific direction or look out upon
FRONT
177
What do you call the position of a building on a site in relation to true north, to points on the compass, the specific place or side feature or the local conditions of sunlight, wind, and drainage ?
ORIENTATION
178
Refers to combine, blend, or unite gradually by stages so as to blur identity or distinctions
MERGE
179
What is a public square open space in a city or town?
PLAZA
180
What is an open space or public space in a city or town especially in Italy?
PIAZZA
181
What is a square or quadrangular space or court surrounded by a building or buildings as on a college campus?
QUADRANGLE
182
What is a section of a street typically in the downtown area of a city from which vehicular traffic is excluded and used as a public walk or promenade?
MALL or PEDESTRIAN MALL
183
What is a large or principal courtyard of an Italian palazzo?
CORTILE
184
Refers to enclose or encompass on all sides
SURROUND
185
What is a boulevard, park, or public garden having a prominent line with shade trees (in Latin America) ?
ALAMEDA
186
What is a spacious promenade, court, or indoor mall usually having a vaulted roof and lined with commercial establishments?
GALLERIA
187
What is a shelter of shrubs and branches or of lattice work intertwined with climbing vines and flowers?
ARBOR
188
What is a French term for a broad walk planted with trees?
ALLÉE
189
What is a structure of cross strips arranged to form a regular pattern of open spaces?
LATTICE
190
What is a structure of parallel colonnade supporting an open roof of beams and crossing rafters or trelliswork over which climbing plants are trained to grow?
PERGOLA
191
What is a whimsical or extravagant structure built to serve as a conversation piece, land interest to a view, or commemorate a person or event found especially in 18th century England?
FOLLY
192
What is a small, often ornamental building in a garden?
PAVILION
193
What do you call an enclosed garden in Indian architecture?
BAGH
194
What is a freestanding roof structure usually open on the sides affording shade and rest in a garden or park?
GAZEBO
195
What do you call a building or architectural feature of a building designed and situated to look out upon a pleasing scene?
BELVEDERE
196
Refers to clipped or trimmed into ornamental and fantastic shapes or the work or art of such clipping?
TOPIARY
197
What is an area used for a stroll or walk especially in a public place as for pleasure or display?
PROMENADE
198
Refers to an ornamental arrangement of flower beds of different shapes and sizes?
PARTERRE
VISUAL DICTIONARY (ALE)
flashcards
Decks in class (22)
# Cards
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VISDIC: GENERAL27
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VISDIC: A53
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VISDIC: B198
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VISDIC: C450
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VISDIC:D357
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VISDIC:E189
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VISDIC: F (part 1)500
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VISDIC: G153
-
VISDIC: F (part 2)40
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VISDIC: H314
-
VISDIC: J64
-
VISDIC: L232
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VISDIC: M (part 1)280
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VISDIC: M (part 2)219
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VISDIC: O203
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VISDIC: P373
-
VISDIC: R335
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VISDIC: S (part 1)393
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VISDIC: S (part2)135
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VISDIC: T279
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VISDIC: V74
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VISDIC:W366
