VISDIC: L Flashcards by Candice Mae Pableo

what do you call the electromagnetic radiation that the unaided human eye can perceive having a wavelength in the range from about 370 to 800 nm and propagating at a speed of 186,281 mi./sec (299, 972 km/sec)?

LIGHT

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off or pertaining to electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths from about 370 nm immediately beyond the violet in the visible spectrum to 10 nm on the border of the x-ray region?

ULTRAVIOLET

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what is a unit of length equal to 1 billionth of a meter used especially to express the wavelengths of light in or near the visible spectrum; abbr: nm?

NANOMETER

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what is a unit of land equal to one ten-billionth of a meter, used specially to express the wavelengths of radiation; Symbol: A?

ANGSTROM

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Of or pertaining to electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths from about 800 nm contiguous to the red end of the visible spectrum to 1 mm, on the border of the microwave region

INFRARED

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what do you call the intensity of light falling at any given place on a lighted surface equal to the luminous flux incident per unit area and expressed in lumens per unit of area?

ILLUMINATION/ILLUMINANCE

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what is the SI unit of illumination, equal to 1 lumen per square meter; Abbr.: Ix?

LUX

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what is a unit of illumination on a surface that is everywhere 1 ft from a uniform point source of one candela and equal to one lumen incident per square foot; Abbr.: FC?

FOOT-CANDLE

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what do you call one of several laws relating to quantities such that one quantity varies inversely as the square of the other, as the law that the illumination produced on a surface by a point source varies inversely as the square of the distance of the surface from the source?

INVERSE SQUARE LAW

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what do you call the rate of flow of visible light per unit time, expressed in lumens?

LUMINOUS FLUX

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what is the SI unit of luminous flux equal to the light emitted in a solid angle of one steradian by a uniform point source having an intensity of one candela; Abbr.: Im?

LUMEN

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what do you call the luminous flux emitted per unit solid angle by a light source, expressed in candelas?

LUMINOUS INTENSITY

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what do you call the luminous intensity expressed in candelas?

CANDLEPOWER

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what do you call the basic SI unit of luminous intensity; Abbr.: Cd?

CANDELA / STANDARD CANDLE

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what is the law that the illumination produced on a surface by a point source is proportional to the cosine of the angle of incidence?

COSINE LAW/LAMBERT’S LAW

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what do you call an angle formed by three or more planes intersecting a common point?

SOLID ANGLE

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what do you call a solid angle at the center of a sphere subtending an area on the surface equal to the square of the radius of the sphere; Abbr.: sr?

STERADIAN

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what do you call the quantitative measure of brightness of a light source or an illuminated surface equal to the luminous intensity per unit projected area of the source or surface viewed from a given direction?

LUMINANCE

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what do you call the sensation by which an observer is able to distinguish between differences in luminance?

BRIGHTNESS

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what do you call the striking of a ray of light or sound wave on a surface?

INCIDENCE

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what do you call the angle that a straight line, such as a ray of light falling on a surface, makes with a normal to the surface at the point of incidence?

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE

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what do you call the return of light, sound, or radiant heat after striking a surface?

REFLECTION

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what do you call the angles that reflected ray makes with a normal to a reflecting surface at the point of incidence?

ANGLE OF REFLECTION

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what is the principle that when light or sound is reflected from a smooth surface, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, and the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface all lie in the same plane?

LAW OF REFLECTION

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what do you call the change of direction of a ray of light as it passes obliquely from one medium into another in which its velocity is different?

REFRACTION

what do you call the modulation of light or sound waves as they bend around the edges of an obstacle in their path?

DIFFRACTION

what do you call a scattered reflection of light from an irregular surface or an erratic dispersion through a translucent material?

DIFFUSION

what do you call the angle that a refracted ray makes with a normal to the interface between two media at the point of incidence?

ANGLE OF REFRACTION

what do you call the ratio of light or radiation reflected by a surface to that incident upon it measured on a scale from 0 for no reflecting power of a perfectly black surface to 1 for the perfect reflection of a white surface?

ALBEDO

what do you call the ratio of the radiation reflected by a surface to the total incident on the surface?

REFLECTANCE

what do you call the ratio of the radiation absorbed by a surface to the total incident on the surface?

ABSORPTANCE

what do you call the ratio of the radiation transmitted through and emerging from a body to the total incident on it, equivalent to one minus the absorptance?

TRANSMITTANCE

what is the term used for impenetrable to light?

OPAQUE

what is the term used for transmitting and diffusing light so that bodies on the opposite side are not clearly visible?

TRANSLUCENT

what is the term used for capable of transmitting light so that bodies situated beyond or behind can be distinctly seen?

TRANSPARENT

what is any of various devices for producing light or heat as by electricity or gas?

LAMP

what is a lamp in which a filament gives off light when heated to incandescence by an electric current?

INCANDESCENT LAMP/LIGHT BULB

what is the glass housing of an incandescent lamp filled with an inlet gas mixture, usually of argon and nitrogen, to retard evaporation of the filament, its shape is designated by a letter followed by a number that indicates the lamp diameter?

BULB

what do you call the third light conductor of an electric lamp that is heated to incandescence by the passage of an electric current?

FILAMENT

what do you call the emission of visible light by a body when heated to a high temperature?

INCANDESCENCE

what is the standard rounded shape for the bulbs of general service incandescent lamps?

A BULB

what is a flame-shape bulb for low wattage the corrective incandescent lamps?

B BULB

what is a cone-shaped bulb for low wattage decorative incandescent lamps?

C BULB

what is a candle-shaped bulb for low wattage decorative incandescent lamps?

CA BULB

what is a reflector bulb of blown glass for incandescent and high-intensity-discharge lamps, having an internal reflective coating and either a clear or frosted glass front to provide the desired beam spread?

R BULB

what is an ellipsoidal reflector bulb for incandescent lamps, having a precisely formed internal reflector that collects light and redirects it into a dispersed pattern of some distance in front of the light source?

ER BULB

what is an A bulb having a hemispherical, reflective silver bowl opposite the lamp base to decrease glare?

A/SB BULB

what is a globe-shaped bulb for incandescent lamps having a low brightness for exposed use?

G BULB

what is a pear-shaped bulb for large incandescent lamps?

PS BULB

what is a straight-sided bulb for low-wattage, decorative incandescent lamps

S BULB

what is a multifaceted reflector bulb for tungsten halogen lamps, having highly polished reflectors arranged in discrete segments to provide the desired beam spread?

MR BULB

what is a quartz bulb for tungsten halogen lamps, similar in shape to the A bulb but having an angular profile?

TB BULB

what is a tungsten-halogen lamp having an infrared dichroic coating for reflecting infrared energy back to the filament, raising lamp efficiency, and reducing radiant heat in the emitted light beam?

IR LAMP

what is an incandescent lamp having a higher percentage of its radiant power in the infrared region than a standard incandescent lamp, often having a red glass bulb to reduce the radiated visible light?

INFRARED LAMP

what is a lamp in which light is produced by the discharge of electricity between electrodes in a gas-filled glass enclosure?

DISCHARGE LAMP

what is a tubular discharge lamp in which light is produced by the fluorescence of phosphors coating the inside of the tube?

FLOURESCENT LAMP

what do you call the emission of radiation, especially of visible light, by a substance during exposure to external radiation?

FLOURESCENCE

what is a fluorescent lamp that requires a separate starter to preheat the castles before opening the circuit to the starting voltage?

PREHEAT LAMP

what is a fluorescent lamp designed to operate with a ballast having a high-voltage transformer to initiate the arc directly without any preheating of the cathodes?

INSTANT-START LAMP

what is a fluorescent lamp designed to operate with a ballast having a low-voltage winding for continuous heating of the cathodes, which allows the lamp to be started more rapidly than a preheat lamp?

RAPID-START LAMP

what is a rapid start fluorescent lamp designed to operate on a current of 800 milliamperes resulting in a corresponding increase in luminous flux per unit length of lamp?

HIGH-OUTPUT LAMP

what is A rapid star fluorescent lamp designed to operate on a current of 1,500 milliamperes providing a corresponding increase in luminous flux per unit length of lamp?

VERY-HIGH-OUTPUT LAMP

What is any of a number of substances that emit light when excited by radiation?

PHOSPHOR

what is a phospor having peaks in three specific color regions, red, blue, and green, used to improve the color rendering of a flourescent lamp?

TRIPHOSPHOR

What is a device for maintaining the current through a flourescent or HID lamp at the desired constant value, and sometimes also providing the required starting voltage and current?

BALLAST

what is a device used with a ballast to provide the starting voltage for a preheat flourescent lamp?

STARTER

What is a tubular bulb for incandescent, fluorescent, and high-intensity-discharge lamps?

T BULB

What is a doughnut-shaped fluorescent lamp for circular luminaires?

CIRCLINE LAMP

what is a U-shaped fluorescent lamp for square or rectangular luminaires?

U-BENT LAMP

What is any of various small, improved efficiency fluorescent lamps having a single, double, U-shaped, or spiral tube, and either an Edison screw base or an adapter for fitting an incandescent lampholder; Abbr.: CFL?

COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMP

What do you call the temperature at which a blackbody emits light of a specified spectral distribution, used to specify the color of a light source?

COLOR TEMPERATURE

what do you call a measure of the ability of an electric lamp to render color accurately when compared with a reference light source of similar color temperature; Abbr.: CRI?

COLOR RENDERING INDEX

what is a cold-cathode lamp emitting a glow when a high voltage is applied across two electrodes in a neon-filled glass tube?

NEON LAMP

what is a bulged tubular bulb for high-intensity discharge lamps?

BT BULB

what is an ellipsoidal bulb for high-intensity-discharge lamps?

E BULB

What is a discharge lamp in which a significant amount of light is produced by the discharge of electricity through a metallic vapor in a sealed glass enclosure?

HIGH-INTENSITY-DISCHARGE (HID) LAMP

what is a high-intensity-discharge lamp producing light by means of all electric discharge in mercury vapor ?

MERCURY LAMP/MERCURY-VAPOR LAMP

What is a high-intensity-discharge lamp producing light by means of an electric discharge in sodium vapor ?

SODIUM LAMP/SODIUM-VAPOR LAMP

what is a sodium lamp producing a yellow, glareless light and used esp. to illuminate roadways?

LOW-PRESSURE SODIUM (LPS) LAMP

what is a sodium lamp producing a broader-spectrum, golden-white light than a low-pressure sodium lamp?

HIGH-PRESSURE SODIUM (HPS) LAMP

what is a high-intensity-discharge lamp similar in construction to a mercury lamp, but having an arc tube to which various metal halides are added to produce more light and improve color rendering?

METAL HALIDE LAMP

What is a light provided by light-emitting diode (LED) lamps in various form factors, such as light strips, bulbs, tubes, and fixtures?

LED LIGHTING

what is a semiconductor device consisting of two materials, one having a surplus of positive charge and the other a surplus of negative charge that, when combined at a junction, releases light energy as a forward voltage is applied; Abbr.: LED?

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

what is a solid-state, low-voltage electric lamp that uses LED as the source of light offering low power consumption, long rated life, compact size, durability, and reliability?

LED LAMP

What do you call a power supply designed to deliver a constant current source for LED lamps over a range of load voltages?

LED DRIVER

what is an LED lamp designed to serve as a replacement for traditional T8/T10/T12 fluorescent tubes?

LED TUBE

What is a fully assembled light fixture utilizing LED lamps and equipped with a compact LED driver for connecting to 110-240 V power sources?

LED FIXTURE

What is a flexible or rigid linear module with very low profile, surface-mounted LEDs, used for edge lighting, display lighting, and cove lighting?

LED STRIP

what is a lighting unit consisting of one or more electric lamps with all of the necessary parts and wiring for positioning and protecting the lamps, connecting the lamps to a power supply, and distributing the light?

LUMINAIRE/LIGHTING FIXTURE

what is a reflector having a parabolic surface to collimate, spread, or focus the rays from a light source, depending on the location of the source?

PARABOLIC REFLECTOR

what is a term referring to make rays of light parallel?

COLLIMATE

what is a reflector having an elliptical surface to focus the rays from a light source?

ELLIPTICAL REFLECTOR

what is any of a variety of translucent materials for filtering glare from a light source and distributing the light over an extended area?

DIFFUSER

What do you call a surface for reflecting light, heat, or sound, esp. the device on a luminaire having such a surface for controlling the distribution of light emitted by a lamp?

REFLECTOR

What is a piece of transparent material, such as glass or plastic, having two opposite surfaces either or both of which are curved, used in luminaires to focus, disperse, or collimate the emitted light?

LENS

what is a lens having concentric, prismatic grooves to concentrate light from a small source?

FRESNEL LENS

what is a lens having a multifaceted surface with parallel prisms to redirect the rays from a light source?

PRISMATIC LENS

What is a finned or vaned device for controlling the radiation from a light source?

LOUVER

what is a louvered construction divided into cell-like areas and used for redirecting the light emitted by an overhead source?

EGGCRATE

what do you call a louvered device for shielding a light source from view at certain angles?

BAFFLE

What do you call the angle below which a light source can be seen?

SHIELDING ANGLE

what is a downlight mounted close to the plane of a wall and equipped with a reflector, baffle, or lens to illuminate the vertical surface?

WALL WASHER

what is a lamp designed to project or diffuse a comparatively uniform level of illumination over a large area?

FLOODLIGHT / FLOOD LAMP

what is a luminaire consisting of a lamp set in a metal cylinder, recessed into or mounted on a ceiling to direct a beam of light downward?

DOWNLIGHT

what is a lamp designed to project a strong, focused beam of light on an object or area?

SPOTLIGHT

what do you call the superfluous or useless light rays, as from a spotlight or other focused light source?

SPILL/SPILL LIGHT

what is a light source having a maximum dimension less than one fifth the distance from the source to the surface illuminated?

POINT SOURCE

what is a rigid or flexible tape with exposed low-voltage light sources of 1-10 watts?

LIGHT STRIP / LIGHT TAPE

what lighting is provided by adjustable spotlights mounted along a narrow, ceiling or wall-mounted metal track through which current is conducted?

TRACK LIGHTING

what is a light source having significant dimensions in two directions, such as a large window or a luminous ceiling?

AREA SOURCE

what is a light source having one dimension significantly greater than its other dimensions, such as a fluorescent lamp?

LINEAR SOURCE

what is a lighting fixture suspended from a ceiling or wall by a flexible cord, by which it can be raised or lowered?

DROPLIGHT

what is a luminaire having a trough-shaped reflector holding one or more fluorescent lamps?

TROFFER

what is a lighting fixture suspended from a ceiling?

PENDANT

what is an indirect lighting directed upward from an interior cornice at the edge of a ceiling?

COVE LIGHTING

what is an indirect lighting directed upward or downward from a light source concealed by a horizontal board or band?

VALANCE LIGHTING

what is an indirect lighting directed downward from an interior cornice at the edge of a ceiling?

CORNICE LIGHTING

what is a floor lamp having the light source on a hinged, horizontally adjustable arm?

BRIDGE LAMP

what is a desk lamp having a flexible shaft resembling the neck of a goose?

GOOSENECK LAMP

what is a decorative lighting fixture suspended from a ceiling, usually having branched supports for a number of lamps?

CHANDELIER

what is a floor lamp having its light source within a reflecting bowl that directs the light upward?

TORCHIERE / TORCHÈRE / TORCHIER

what is a decorative wall bracket for candles or other lights?

SCONCE

What do you call the science, theory, or method of providing illumination through the use of electric lamps?

LIGHTING

What lighting is designed to provide a uniform level of illumination throughout an area?

GENERAL LIGHTING

what lighting is designed to provide a relatively high level of illumination over a small area, with a surrounding area of lower intensity from spill light?

LOCAL LIGHTING

what lighting is designed to provide strong illumination for a visually demanding activity, such as reading or sewing?

TASK LIGHTING

what lighting calls attention to a particular object or feature in the visual field, or that forms a decorative pattern on a surface?

ACCENT LIGHTING

A term referring to illuminate something from behind in order to enhance depth or to separate the subject from its background

BACKLIGHT

A term referring to emphasize by illuminating with a strong light

HIGHLIGHT

A term referring to the light coming or produced from the side

SIDELIGHT

A term referring to diffuse light that produces little contrast and poorly defined shadows on the subject

SOFT LIGHT

A term referring to direct light that produces high contrast and distinct shadows on the subject

HARD LIGHT

what lighting in which luminaires distribute 90%-100% of the emitted light downward on the surface or area to be illuminated?

DIRECT LIGHTING

what lighting in which luminaires distribute 60%-90% of the emitted light downward?

SEMIDIRECT LIGHTING

what lighting from luminaires that emit an approximately equal distribution of light upward and downward?

GENERAL DIFFUSE LIGHTING

What is a general diffuse lighting in which little light is emitted in the horizontal plane of the luminaires?

DIRECT-INDIRECT LIGHTING

What lighting in which luminaires distribute 60%-90% of the emitted light upward?

SEMI-INDIRECT LIGHTING

What lighting in which luminaires distribute 90%-100% of the emitted light upward, esp. to avoid glare or prevent shadows?

INDIRECT LIGHTING

What do you call the sensation produced by any brightness within the visual field that is sufficiently greater than the luminance to which the eyes are adapted to cause annoyance, discomfort, or loss of visibility?

GLARE

What do you call the regulating by the pupil of the quantity of light entering the eye, resulting in a change in the sensitivity of the eye's photoreceptors to light?

ADAPTATION

what is a rating of the likelihood that a lighting system will not cause direct glare, expressed as the percentage of people who may be expected to experience visual comfort when seated in the least favorable visual position?

VISUAL COMFORT PROBABILITY

What do you call the ratio between the luminance of an object and that of its background?

BRIGHTNESS RATIO / CONTRAST RATIO

What glare is so intense that, for an appreciable length of time after it has been removed, visibility is lost?

BLINDING GLARE

what glare reduces visibility or impairs visual performance, often accompanied by discomfort?

DISABILITY GLARE

what glare reduces visibility or impairs visual performance, often accompanied by discomfort?What glare produces discomfort but does not necessarily interfere with visibility or visual performance?

DISCOMFORT GLARE

what glare results from a high brightness ratio or an insufficiently shielded light source in the visual field?

DIRECT GLARE

what glare results from the specular reflection of light source within the visual field ?

REFLECTED GLARE / INDIRECT GLARE

what reflected glare on a task surface reduces the contrast necessary for seeing details?

VEILING REFLECTANCE

what do you call the angle of light beam that intersects the candlepower distribution curve at points where the luminous intensity equals a stated percent of a maximum reference intensity?

BEAM SPREAD

what is the cavity formed by the ceiling, a plane of suspended luminaires on the wall surfaces between these two planes?

CEILING CAVITY

what is the cavity formed by a plane of luminaires, the work plane, and the wall surfaces between these two planes?

ROOM CAVITY

what is the cavity formed by the work plane, the floor, and the wall surfaces between these two planes?

FLOOR CAVITY

what is the horizontal plane at which work is done and on which illumination is specified and measured, usually assumed to be 30 in (762 mm) above the floor?

WORK PLANE

what do you call the science, theory, or method of providing illumination through the use of light of day?

DAYLIGHTING

a term referring to providing an interior space with daylight from both direct and indirection sources?

DAYLIGHT

What do you call the light from the sky, reflected and diffused by air molecules?

SKYLIGHT

what do you call sunlight or skylight reflected by surfaces below the plane of the horizon?

GROUND LIGHT

What do you call the direct light of the sun?

SUNLIGHT

What is the point on the celestial sphere vertically above a given position or observer?

ZENITH

what sky has less than 30% cloud cover with the solar disk unobstructed, has the greatest luminance near the sun, and least luminance 90° from the sun?

CLEAR SKY

what sky has between 30%-70% cloud cover, with the solar disk obstructed?

CLOUDY SKY

what sky has 100% cloud cover, having a luminance distribution three times brighter near the zenith than at the horizon?

OVERCAST SKY

What is a hemispherical dome or similar enclosure illuminated by concealed light sources that simulate the luminance distribution of a clear or overcast sky, used for studying and testing daylighting techniques on architectural models placed near its center?

ARTIFICIAL SKY

What is a device for orienting an architectural model to a light source representing the sun, calibrated with respect to latitude, time of day, and season of the year and used for studying daylighting techniques and shadows cast by the sun?

HELIODON

What light originates from sources facing each other, as from windows in opposite walls?

COUNTERLIGHT

what light originates from sources not facing each other, as from windows in adjacent walls?

CROSSLIGHT

What is a pipe or tube lined with highly reflective, specular material and designed to transport light some distance from a single point source?

LIGHT PIPE / LIGHT TUBE / SOLAR TUBE / SUN PIPE

What is a horizontal overhang that shades glazing from direct sunlight below while reflecting daylight through glazing above onto the ceiling of a room and more deeply into a space?

LIGHT SHELF

What is any of various exterior devices for regulating the amount of solar heat and sunlight that enters a window, consisting of movable horizontal or vertical fins controlled manually or operated automatically with time or photoelectric controls?

SUN CONTROL

What is a louvered awning, the metal fins of which are angled to shade a window from direct sunlight and glare while preserving the outside view and admitting soft, diffused light?

SHUTTER PANEL

What is a manually or electrically controlled exterior venetian blind for protecting bldg interior from Solar gain and glare?

SHUTTER BLIND

what is any of various exterior devices consisting of fixed horizontal or vertical fins angled to shield a window from direct sunlight?

SUNSHADE

what is a panel of miniature external louvers for shading a window from direct sunlight and glare while allowing a high degree of visibility, daylighting, ventilation, visual daytime privacy, and insect protection?

SOLAR SCREEN

What is a screen, usually of louvers, placed on the outside of a bldg to shield the windows from direct sunlight?

BRISE-SOLEIL

what do you call any of the forces to which structure is subjected ?

LOAD

what is a load applied slowly to a structure until it reaches its peak value without fluctuating rapidly in magnitude or position?

STATIC LOAD

what is a load acting on a very small area or particular point of a supporting structural element?

CONCENTRATED LOAD

what is the load extending over the length or area of the supporting structural element?

DISTRIBUTED LOAD

what is a distributed load of uniform magnitude?

UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD

what is any moving or movable load on a structure resulting from occupancy, collected snow and water, or moving equipment; typically acts vertically downward but may act horizontally as well to reflect the dynamic nature of a moving load?

LIVE LOAD

what is the static loan acting vertically downward on a structure comprising the self weight of the structure and the weight of building elements, fixtures, and equipment permanently attached to it?

DEAD LOAD

what is the uplifting force a water table exerts on a foundation system?

WATER PRESSURE

what is the horizontal force a soil mass exerts on a vertical retaining structure?

EARTH PRESSURE

what is a load imposed on a structure by subsidence of a portion of the supporting soil and the resulting uneven settlement of its foundation?

SETTLEMENT LOAD

what is the live load on a structure resulting from the weight of people, furniture, stored material, and other similar items in a building; building codes specify minimum live loads for various uses and occupancies?

OCCUPANCY LOADS

what is the live load resulting from the weight of snow accumulating on a roof varying with geographic location, site exposure, wind conditions, and roof geometry?

SNOW LOAD

what is the live load of water that may accumulate on a roof because of its form, deflection, or the clogging of its drainage system?

WATER LOAD

what is a load applied suddenly to a structure often with rapid changes in magnitude and location; under this load a dynamic structure develops inertial forces in relation to its mass and its maximum deformation does not necessarily correspond to the maximum magnitude of the applied force?

DYNAMIC LOAD

what is a kinetic load of short duration due to moving vehicles, equipment, and machinery; building codes treat this load as a static load, compensating for its dynamic nature by amplifying the static load?

MOVING LOAD / IMPACT LOAD

what is the stress induced on a building unit or component by loads applied during the erection process?

ERECTION STRESS

what is the temporary bracing required to secure the units or components of a building until permanently fastened in place?

ERECTION BRACING

what is a temporary load on a structure occurring during its erection, as from wind or the weight of construction equipment and stored materials?

CONSTRUCTION LOAD

what is a load acting horizontally in a structure, such as a wind or earthquake load?

LATERAL LOAD

what do you call forces exerted on a structure by an earthquake?

EARTHQUAKE LOAD

what is a series of longitudinal and transverse vibrations induced in the Earth's crust by the abrupt movement of plates along fault lines?

EARTHQUAKE

what do you call the point directly above the hypocenter, from which the shock waves of an earthquake apparently emanate?

EPICENTER

what do you call the point of origin of an earthquake?

HYPOCENTER/FOCUS

what is a break in the Earth's crust accompanied by a dislocation in the plane of the fracture?

FAULT

what is any of the huge movable segments into which the Earth's crust is divided?

PLATE

Of, pertaining to, or caused by an earthquake or vibration of the Earth

SEISMIC

what is any of the forces caused by the vibratory ground motions of an earthquake; while these motions are 3D in nature, their horizontal components are considered to be the most important in structural design?

SEISMIC FORCE

what do you call the oscillating reciprocating or other periodic motion of an elastic body or medium when forced from a position or state of equilibrium?

VIBRATION

what periodic motion consists of one or more vibratory motions that are asymmetric about a region of equilibrium, such as the motion of a vibrating string or a musical instrument?

HARMONIC MOTION

what is any motion that recurs in the same form at equal intervals of time?

PERIODIC MOTION

what is the rate of change in the velocity of ground movement with respect to time, in which high accelerations are the most damaging to a structure?

GROUND ACCELERATION

what do you call the time required for one complete cycle of a wave or oscillation?

PERIOD

what is the number of periods occurring per unit of time; the inverse of period, usually measured in cycles per second?

FREQUENCY

what is the lateral deflection or movement of a structure due to wind, earthquake, or asymmetrical vertical loading?

DRIFT

what do you call the maximum displacement from the mean position during one period of an oscillation?

AMPLITUDE

what do you call the single swing of an oscillating body from one extreme limit to another?

OSCILLATION

a term referring to swing back and forth like a pendulum between alternating extremes?

OSCILLATE

what is an abnormally large vibration in a system caused by a relatively small vibratory force of the same or nearly the same period as the natural period of vibration of the system?

RESONANCE

what is the absorption or dissipation of energy to progressively diminish successive oscillations or waves of a vibrating structure?

DAMPING

what is the sudden loss of shearing resistance in a cohesionless soil, causing the soil mass to behave as a liquid?

LIQUEFACTION

what do you call the level at which earthquake motions are assumed to be imparted to a structure?

BASE

what do you call the total dead load of a structure including applicable portions of storage live loads, partition loads, permanent equipment loads and design roof loads?

SEISMIC WEIGHT

what do you call the shearing force developed at the base of a structure by the tendency of its upper mass to remain at rest while the base is translated by ground motions?

SEISMIC BASE SHEAR

what is the torsion resulting from a lateral load acting on a structure having noncoincident centers of mass and resistance?

HORIZONTAL TORSION

what is an external moment generated at the base of a structure by a lateral load applied at a distance above grade?

OVERTURNING MOMENT

what is a resisting moment provided by the dead load of a structure acting about the same point of rotation as the overturning movement?

RESTORING MOMENT/RIGHTING MOMENT/STABILIZING MOMENT

what do you call the second-order effects on shear, axial forces, and moments introduce during displacement of a structure?

P-DELTA EFFECTS

what is the horizontal movement of one level of a structure relative to the level above or below?

STORY DRIFT

what is the maximum ratio of story drift to story height allowed by a building code in order to minimize damage to building components or adjacent structures?

DRIFT INDEX/DRIFT LIMITATION

what do you call the distance required to avoid contact between separated structures under deflection from seismic action or wind forces?

BUILDING SEPARATION

what is any of the forces exerted by the kinetic energy of a moving mass of air, resulting in pressure on certain parts of a structure and suction on others?

WIND LOAD

what do you call the horizontal movement of a structure in response to a lateral load?

SLIDING

what do you call the raising of a structure or portion of a structure in response to an overturning moment or wind suction?

UPLIFT

what do you call the rapid oscillations of a flexible cable or membrane structure caused by the aerodynamic effects of wind?

FLUTTER / AERODYNAMIC OSCILLATION

pertaining to, being in, or facing the direction toward which the wind is blowing

LEEWARD

pertaining to, being in, or facing the direction from which the wind blows

WINDWARD

what do you call the pressure exerted by wind horizontally on the windward vertical surfaces of a building and normal to windward roof surfaces having a slope greater than 30°?

WIND PRESSURE

what do you call the negative pressure exerted by wind on the sides and leeward vertical surfaces of a building and normal to windward roof surfaces having a slope less than 30°?

WIND SUCTION

VISDIC: L Flashcards

(232 cards)