1
Q
What do you call any of the five styles of classical architecture - Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, and Composite - characterized by the type and arrangement of columns and entablatures employed?
A
ORDER
2
Q
what is the horizontal section of a classical order that rests on the columns, usually composed of a cornice, frieze, and architrave?
A
ENTABLATURE
3
Q
what do you call the uppermost member of a classical entablature, consisting typically of a cymatium, corona, and bed molding?
A
CORNICE
4
Q
what do you call the horizontal part of a classical entablature between the cornice and architrave, often decorated with sculpture in low relief?
A
FRIEZE
5
Q
what is the distinctively treated upper end of a column, pillar, or pier crowning the shaft and taking the weight of the entablature or architrave?
A
CAPITAL
6
Q
what do you call the lowermost division of a classical entablature, resting directly on the column capitals and supporting the frieze?
A
ARCHITRAVE
7
Q
what is the lowermost portion of a wall, column, pier, or other structure, usually distinctively treated and considered as an architectural unit?
A
BASE
8
Q
What is the central part of a column or pier between the capital and the base?
A
SHAFT
9
Q
what do you call the part of the pedestal between the base and the cornice or cap?
A
DADO/DIE
10
Q
what is usually a square slab beneath the base of a column, pier, or pedestal?
A
PLINTH
11
Q
what do you call the placement of two columns or pilasters very close together?
A
ACOUPLEMENT
12
Q
what is an intercolumniation of 1 1/2 diameter of columns?
A
PYCNOSTYLE
13
Q
what is an intercolumniation of 2 diameters of columns?
A
SYSTYLE
14
Q
what is an intercolumniation of 2 1/4 diameters of columns?
A
EUSTYLE
15
Q
what is an intercolumniation of 3 diameters of columns?
A
DIASTYLE
16
Q
what is an intercolumniation of 4 diameters of columns?
A
AEROSTYLE
17
Q
What do you call the crowning member of a classical cornice, usually a cyma recta?
A
CYMATIUM
18
Q
what do you call the projecting, slablike member of a classical cornice, supported by the bed molding and crowned by the cymatium?
A
CORONA
19
Q
What is the molding or group of moldings immediately beneath the corona of a cornice?
A
BED MOLDING
20
Q
what do you call the use or arrangement of columns in a structure?
A
COLUMNIATION
21
Q
it means having two columns on one or each front
A
DISTYLE
22
Q
it means having three columns on one or each front
A
TRISTYLE
23
Q
it means having four columns on one or each front?
A
TETRASTYLE
24
Q
it means having five columns on one or each front?
A
PENTASYLE
25
it means having six columns on one or each front?
HEXASTYLE
26
it means having seven columns on one or each front
HEPTASTYLE
27
It means having eight columns on one or either front
OCTASTYLE
28
it means having nine columns on one or each front
ENNEASTYLE/ENNEASTYLAR
29
it means having 10 columns on one or on each front
DECASTYLE
30
it means having 12 columns on one or either front
DODECASTYLE/DODECASTYLAR/DUODECASTYLE
31
what do you call the space between two adjacent columns, usually the clear space between the lower parts of the shafts, measured in column diameters; also a system for spacing columns in a colonnade based on this measurement?
INTERCOLUMNIATION
32
what is the oldest and simplest of the five classical orders, developed in Greece and later imitated by the Romans, characterized by a fluted column having no base, a plain cushion-shaped capital supporting a square abacus, and an entablature consisting of a plain architrave, a frieze of triglyphs and metopes, and a cornice, the corona of which has mutules on its soffit?
DORIC ORDER
33
what do you call the underside of an architectural element, as that of an arch, beam, cornice, or staircase?
SOFFIT
34
what is once of a series of small, droplike ornaments, attached to the undersides of the mutules and regulae of a Doric entablature?
GUTTA/DROP
35
what is a projecting flat block under the corona of Doric cornice, corresponding to the modillion of other orders?
MUTULE
36
What is one of the vertical blocks separating the metopes in a Doric frieze, typically having two vertical grooves or glyphs on its face, and two chamfers or hemiglyphs at the sides?
TRIGLYPH
37
what is any of the panels, either plain or decorated, between triglyphs in the Doric frieze?
INTERTRIGLYPH/METOPE
38
what is a frieze bearing carved figures of people or animals?
ZOOPHORUS/ZOPHORUS
39
what is a raised band or fillet separating the frieze from the architrave on a Doric entablature?
TENIA/TAENIA
40
what is a fillet beneath the taenia in a Doric entablature, corresponding to a triglyph above and from which guttae are suspended?
GUTTAE BAND/REGULA
41
what is a flat slab forming the top of a column capital, plain in the Doric-style, but molded or otherwise enriched in other styles?
ABACUS
42
what is the prominent circular molding supporting the abacus of a Doric or Tuscan capital?
ECHINUS
43
what do you call the upper part of a column, just above the shaft and below the projecting part of the capital, when differentiated by a molding, groove, or the omission of fluting?
NECKING
44
what is an encircling band, molding, or fillet, on a capital or shaft of a column?
ANNULET
45
what is a decorative motif, consisting of a series of long, rounded, parallel grooves, as on the shaft of a classical column?
FLUTING
46
what is a rounded channel or groove?
STRIA/FLUTE
47
What is that part of the necking between the hypotrachelium and the capital of a classical column?
TRACHELIUM
48
what is any member between the capital and the shaft of a classical column?
HYPOTRACHELIUM
49
what is a slight convexity given to a column to correct an optical illusion of concavity of the sides were straight?
ENTASIS
50
What is any of several cylindrical stones laid one above the other to form a column or pier?
DRUM
51
What is a classical order of Roman origin, basically a simplified Roman Doric characterized by an unfluted column and a plain base, capital, and entablature having no decoration other than moldings?
TUSCAN ORDER
52
What is a classical order that developed in the Greek colonies of Asia Minor characterized, esp. by the spiral volutes of its capital; the fluted columns typically had molded bases and supported an entablature consisting of an architrave of three fascias, a richly ornamented frieze, and a cornice corbeled out on egg-and-dart and dentil moldings?
IONIC ORDER
53
what is a spiral, scroll-like ornament, as on the capitals of the Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite orders?
VOLUTE
54
what is the vertical guideline through the eye of a volute in an Ionic capital, from which the spiral form is determined?
CATHETUS
55
what is a small, concave curve joining the shaft of a classical column to its base?
APOPHYSIS/APOPHYGE
56
what is an ornamental motif for enriching an ovolo or ECHINUS, consisting of a closely set, alternating series of oval and pointed forms?
EGG AND TONGUE / EGG AND DART
57
what is any of a series of closely spaced, small, rectangular blocks forming a molding or projecting beneath the coronas of Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite cornices?
DENTIL
58
what is one of the three horizontal bands making up the architrave in the Ionic order?
FASCIA
59
what is a base to a classical column, consisting of an upper and a lower torus separated by a scotia between two fillets
ATTIC BASE
60
what is a deep concave molding between two fillets?
TROCHILUS/SCOTIA
61
what is a large convex, semicircular molding, commonly found directly above the plinth of the base of a classical column?
TORUS
62
What is an ornamental bracket, usually in the form of a scroll with acanthus, used in series beneath the corona of a Corinthian, Composite, or Roman Ionic cornice?
MODILLION
63
What is a spiral ornament, such as any of the volutes issuing from a cauliculus in a Corinthian capital?
HELIX
64
what is any of the ornamental stalks rising between the acanthus leaves of a Corinthian capital, from which the volutes spring?
CAULICULUS
65
what is the most ornate of the five classical orders, developed by the Greeks but used more extensively in Roman architecture, similar in most respects to the Ionic but usually of slender proportions and characterized esp. by a deep bell-shaped capital decorated with acanthus leaves and abacus with concave sides?
CORINTHIAN ORDER
66
what is the underlying part of a foliated capital, between the abacus and neck molding?
BELL
67
what is an ornament, such as on the Corinthian capital, patterned after the large, toothed leaves of a Mediterranean plant of the same name?
ACANTHUS
68
what is one of the five classical orders, popular esp. since the beginning of the Renaissance but invented by the ancient Romans, in which the Corinthian order is modified by superimposing four diagonally set Ionic volutes on a bell of Corinthian acanthus leaves?
COMPOSITE ORDER
69
what is an order of columns more than one story in height?
GIANT ORDER / COLOSSAL ORDER
70
what is the circular molding under the cushion of an Ionic capital between the volutes, usually carved with an egg-and-dart pattern?
CYMATIUM/ECHINUS
71
what is the narrow part of the surface of a column shaft left between adjoining flutes?
FILLET
72
what is an accessory, article, or detail that lends grace or beauty to something to which it is added or to which it is an integral part?
ORNAMENT
73
what is a pictorial sign or symbol?
PICTOGRAPH
74
what is an ancient drawing or writing scratched on stone, plaster, or other hard surface?
GRAFFITO
75
what are inscriptions or drawings spray-painted pr sketched on a public surface, such as a sidewalk or wall of a building?
GRAFFITI
76
what is a decoration produced by cutting or scratching through a surface layer of paint or plaster to reveal a ground of contrasting color?
SGRAFFITO
77
What is a large picture painted on or applied directly to a wall or ceiling surface?
MURAL
78
What is the art or technique of painting on a freshly spread, moist plaster surface with pigments ground up in water or a limewater mixture; also, a picture or design so painted?
FRESCO
79
what is any mosaic of regularly cut material?
OPUS SECTILE
80
what is a form of opus sectile having a geometric pattern formed with few colors, such as black and white, or dark green and red?
OPUS ALEXANDRINUM
81
what is an ancient Roman masonry wall faced with small pyramidal stones set diagonally with their square bases forming a netlike pattern?
OPUS RETICULATUM
82
what is a picture or decorative pattern made by inlaying small, usually colored pieces of tile, enamel, or glass in mortar?
MOSAIC
83
what is one of the small pieces of colored marble, glass, or tile used in mosaic work?
TESSERA
84
what is a colored glass or enamel, esp. in the form of minute squares, used in mosaic work?
SMALTO
85
what is a mosaic of tessera arranged in waving lines resembling the form or tracks of a worm?
OPUS VERMICULATUM
86
What is a mosaic made by inlaying fine, delicately colored stones into a white or black marble surface?
FLORENTINE MOSAIC
87
what is the projection of a figure or form from the flat background on which it is formed?
RELIEF
88
what is a sculptural relief in which the highest points of the modeled forms are below or level with the original surface?
CAVO-RELIEVO / SUNK RELIEF
89
what is a sculptural relief in which the modeled forms project from the background by at least half their depth?
ALTO-RELIEVO / HIGH RELIEF
90
what is a sculptural relief intermediate between high relief and bas-relief?
DEMIRELIEF / HALF RELIEF / MEZZO-RELIEVO
91
what is a sculptural relief that projects very slightly from the background?
BASSO-RELIEVO / LOW RELIEF / BAS-RELIEF
92
what is a decoration or ornament made by cutting out a design and fastening it to a larger piece of material?
APPLIQUE
93
what is an ornament carved or embossed in low relief?
ANAGLYPH
94
a term referring to carve, cut, or etch designs on a hard surface, as that of metal, stone, or the end grain of wood
ENGRAVE
95
a term referring to raise, mold, or carve a surface design in relief
EMBOSS
96
what is an ornamental or structural work having a latticelike nature or showing openings through its substance?
OPENWORK
97
what is a figure or design incised into the surface of a stone or metal plate so that an impression yields a figure in relief?
INTAGLIO
98
what is an ornamental openwork of delicate or intricate design?
FILAGREE/FILIGREE
99
what do you call a grotesque sculpture of animal, human, or foliated forms, such as a gargoyle?
ANTIC
100
what is an often grotesque representation of a head or face, used as an architectural ornament?
MASK
101
what is a mythological animal typically having the head and wings of an eagle and the body and tail of a lion?
GRIFFON/GRYPHON/GRIFFIN
102
what is an ornament projecting from the round base of a column toward a corner of a square or polygonal plinth?
SPUR/GRIFFE
103
what is a medieval English ornament suggesting a flower of three or four petals enclosing and partially concealing a ball?
BALLFLOWER
104
what is an artistic composition consisting of forms or motifs borrowed from different sources?
PASTICHE
105
what is an artificial, counterfeit, or false, as of an architectural ornament that is added superfluously or inappropriately?
POSTICHE
106
what is a conventional figure usually having five or more points radiating from a center, often used as an ornament and symbol?
STAR
107
what is a hexagram used as a symbol of Judaism?
MAGEN DAVID / MOGEN DAVID/ STAR OF DAVID
108
what is a six-pointed starlike figure, formed by extending each of the sides of a regular hexagon into equilateral triangles?
HEXAGRAM
109
what is a disk or ring of radiant light around or above the head, traditionally symbolizing the sanctity of a divine or sacred personage in religious paintings and sculptures?
NIMBUS / HALO
110
what is a circle of light or radiance surrounding the head or body in the representation of a sacred personage?
AUREOLE
111
what is an elliptical, pointed figure, esp. in early Christian art as an emblem of Christ?
VESICA PISCIS
112
what is a Christian monogram and symbol formed by superimposing the first two letters of the Greek word for Christ?
CHRISMON / CHI-RHO
113
what is a raised or sunken rectangular panel on a wall, distinctively treated or ornamented with inscriptions, painting, or sculpture?
TABLE
114
what is a flat slab or plaque having a surface suitable for or bearing an inscription, carving, or the like?
TABLET
115
What is usually an oval or circular tablet, often bearing a figure or ornament in relief?
MEDALLION
116
what is an oval or oblong, slightly convex surface, usually surrounded with ornamental scrollwork, for receiving a painted or low-relief decoration?
CARTOUCH/CARTOUCHE
117
what is an object or figure consisting essentially of an upright and a transverse piece at right angles to each other often used as a symbol of Christianity?
CROSS
118
what is a cross shaped like a Latin cross and having a ring about the intersection of the shaft and crossbar?
CELTIC CROSS
119
what is a cross consisting of an upright crossed in the middle by a horizontal of the same length?
GREEK CROSS
120
what is a cross having an upright or vertical shaft crossed near the top by a shorter horizontal bar?
LATIN CROSS
121
what is a cross whose four arms each terminate in a crossbar, often with a small Greek cross centered in each quadrant?
JERUSALEM CROSS
122
what is cross formed having the outer face of each arm indented in a V?
MALTESE CROSS
123
what is a distinctive and recurring shape, form, or color in a design?
MOTIF
124
it means to mark or decorate with a squared pattern
CHECKER
125
it means resembling or covered with a network of regularly intersecting lines?
RETICULATE
126
What is a pattern of small, repeated figures connecting or growing out of one another, originally used in the Middle Ages in weaving silk and gold?
DIAPER
127
what is a pattern or design resembling the regular overlapping of tiles or shingles?
IMBRICATION
128
what is a pattern consisting of rows of short, parallel lines that, in any two adjacent rows, slant in opposite directions, used in masonry, parquetry, and weaving?
HERRINGBONE
129
what is a V-shaped pattern used. in heraldry and as ornamentation?
CHEVRON
130
What is a decorative design contained within a band or border, consisting of repeated, often geometric figures?
KEY PATTERN/FRET
131
what do you call an ornamental zigzag, as in a molding
DANCETTE
132
what is a running ornament consisting of an intricate variety of fret or fretwork?
MEANDER
133
what is an ornamental border formed of two or more interlaced bands around a series of circular voids?
GUILLOCHE
134
what is a molding occupying the position of a row of dentils, and often carved to resemble one?
DENTIL BAND
135
what is any of a series of small rectangular blocks alternating with sloping surfaces on an archivolt or molding?
VENETIAN DENTIL
136
what is an ornament having spiral or convoluted form resembling a partly or loosely rolled parchment?
SCROLL
137
what is a series of scrolls forming a stylized wave pattern?
VITRUVIAN WAVE / WAVE SCROLL / VITRUVIAN SCROLL
138
what is a sculptured band resembling a long ribbon or scroll, adapted to receive an inscription?
BANDEROL/BANDEROLE
139
what is an ornamentation composed of folded, crossed, and interlaced bands, sometimes cut with foliations?
STRAPWORK
140
what do you call being ornamented with foils or representations of foliage?
FOLIATED
141
what is a decorative band or garland of flowers, foliage, or other ornamental material?
WREATH
142
what is a decorative representation of a string or garland of flowers, foliage, ribbon, or the like, suspended in a curve between two points?
FESTOON
143
what is a stylized three-petaled iris flower tied by an encircling band, used as the heraldic bearing of the royal family of France?
FLEUR-DE-LYS / FLEUR-DE-LIS
144
what is a representation of various aquatic plants in the water lily family, used as a decorative motif in ancient Egyptian and Hindu art and architecture?
LOTUS
145
what is an ornament of honeysuckle or palm leaves in a radiating cluster?
HONEYSUCKLE ORNAMENT / ANTHEMION
146
what is a stylized palm leaf shape used as a decorative element in classical art and architecture?
PALMETTE
147
what is an ornament having a generally circular combination of parts resembling a flower or plant?
ROSETTE
148
what is any series of closely spaced, pyramidal ornaments, formed by sculptured leaves radiating from a raised center, used esp. in Early Gothic architecture?
DOGTOOTH
149
what is a complex and ornate design that employs flowers, foliage, and sometimes animal and geometric figures to produce an intricate pattern of interlaced lines?
ARABESQUE
150
what is a molding having pendant, tonguelike elements carved in relief against a flat or curved surface?
CALF'S TONGUE
151
what is any series of curved projections forming an ornamental border?
SCALLOP
152
it means to decorate a shrine or tabernacle with miniature architectural forms so as to produce a lacy effect?
PURFLE
153
What do you call any of various long, narrow, ornamental surfaces with uniform cross sections and profile shaped to produce modulations of light, shade, and shadow; also, refers to a slender strip of wood or other material having such surface for ornamentation and finishing??
MOLDING / MOULDING
154
what do you call the outline of an object formed on a vertical plane passed through the object at right angles to one of its principal horizontal dimensions?
PROFILE
155
what is a molding having a semicircular cross section?
HALF ROUND
156
what is a convex molding whose section is a quarter circle?
QUARTER ROUND
157
what is a convex molding having a profile approximating a quarter section of a circle or ellipse?
OVOLO
158
what is a convex, rounded molding?
BOUTEL / BOWTEL / BOLTEL
159
what is a convex molding elaborately carved with reeding or indented with notches?
GADROON
160
what is a convex molding having pointed leaves or scrollwork emerging at regular intervals?
AARON'S ROD
161
what is a convex molding having the form of a rope?
CABLE MOLDING
162
what is a small convex molding usually having a continuous cylindrical surface?
BEAD
163
what is a small convex molding usually semicircular in section?
ASTRAGAL
164
what is a small convex molding of semicircular section, smaller than an astragal?
BAGUET / BAGUETTE
165
what is a convex molding having the form of disks alternating with spherical or elongated beads?
BEAD AND REEL
166
what is a molding having the form of a row of pearls or beads?
PEARL MOLDING / BEAD MOLDING / PATERNOSTER
167
what is a parallel set of small convex moldings for ornamenting a plane or curved surface?
REEDING
168
what is a sharp edge or ridge formed by two surfaces meeting at an exterior angle?
ARRIS
169
what is a rounded or obtuse exterior angle?
BULLNOSE
170
what do you call a surface that makes an oblique angle with another?
SPLAY
171
what is a narrow flat molding or area, raised or sunk to separate larger moldings or areas?
LIST / FILLET
172
what is any series of closely spaced cylindrical forms ornamenting a hollow molding or cornice?
BILLET
173
what is a concave surface or molding, esp. at the transition from wall to ceiling?
COVE
174
what is a concave molding having a profile that approximates a quarter circle?
CAVATTO
175
what is a concave molding having the form of a quadrant curving away from a given surface and terminating perpendicular to a fillet parallel to that surface?
CONGEE / CONGÉ
176
What is a molding having a profile of a double curve in the shape of an elongated S?
GULA / OGEE
177
what is a projecting molding having the profile of a double curve formed by the union of a convex line and a concave line?
CYMA
178
what cyma has the concave part projecting beyond the convex part?
DORIC CYMA / CYMA RECTA
179
what cyma has the convex part projecting beyond the concave part?
LESBIAN CYMA / CYMA REVERSA
180
what is a small pendant molding forming a drip and casting a deep shadow, as on the soffit of a cornice?
BIRD'S BEAK / BEAK
181
what is a projecting molding having a profile formed by two ogees symmetrically disposed about an arris or fillet?
KEEL / BRACE MOLDING
182
What do you call the finished woodwork or the like used to decorate, border, or protect the edges of openings or surfaces?
TRIM
183
what is a continuous, molded projection that crowns a wall or other construction, or divides it horizontally for compositional purposes?
CORNICE
184
what is a horizontal molding near a ceiling from which pictures can be suspended?
PICTURE RAIL / PICTURE MOLD
185
what is a rail or narrow shelf fixed along a wall and grooved to hold plates, esp. for ornament or display?
PLATE RAIL
186
what is a horizontal molding on an interior wall for preventing the backs of chairs from rubbing against and damaging the wall surfaces?
CHAIR RAIL
187
what is an ornamental molding above the plinth of a pedestal, pillar, or wall?
BASE MOLDING
188
what is a board or molding concealing the joint between an interior wall and the floor?
MOPBOARD / SKIRT / BASEBOARD
189
What do you call a pediment having its raking cornices interrupted at the crown or apex, the gap often being filled with an urn, a cartouche, or other ornament?
BROKEN PEDIMENT
190
what is a small molding, such as a quarter round, covering the joint between a baseboard and the floor?
SHOE
191
what is a molded or decorative band framing a rectangular door or window opening?
ARCHITRAVE
192
what do you call the continuation of a molding, projection, or other part at an angle, usually 90°, to the main part?
RETURN
193
what do you call the frame around a doorway or niche, having two columns or pilasters on a base supporting a pediment?
TABERNACLE FRAME
194
what do you call the bracket or console used in classical architecture to support a cornice or the entablature over a doorway or window?
ANCON
195
what is an ornamental bracket, usually formed with scrolls and taller than its projection?
CONSOLE
196
what do you call a feature terminating a molding or chamfer?
STOP
197
what is a flat, plain member at the bottom of an architrave, dado, or baseboard?
PLINTH
198
what is a plinth for stopping the architrave of a door or window above the floor?
PLINTH BLOCK
199
what do you call any ornamental molding terminating the top oof a structure or decorative feature?
CROWN MOLDING
200
it means making a series of parallel saw cuts partway through the thickness of a piece of wood to enable the piece to bend toward the kerfed side?
KERFING
201
what is a decorative band, as one along the top of an interior wall, immediately below the cornice, or a sculptured one in a string course on an outside wall?
FRIEZE
202
What is a broken pediment having an outline formed by a pair of S-curves tangent to the horizontal cornice at the ends of the pediment and rising to a pair of scrolls on either side of the center, where a finial often rises between the scrolls?
SWAN'S NECK PEDIMENT
203
what is a pedimental ornament situated over a window or door?
CORONET
VISUAL DICTIONARY (ALE)
flashcards
Decks in class (22)
# Cards
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VISDIC: GENERAL27
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VISDIC: A53
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VISDIC: B198
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VISDIC: C450
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VISDIC:D357
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VISDIC:E189
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VISDIC: F (part 1)500
-
VISDIC: G153
-
VISDIC: F (part 2)40
-
VISDIC: H314
-
VISDIC: J64
-
VISDIC: L232
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VISDIC: M (part 1)280
-
VISDIC: M (part 2)219
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VISDIC: O203
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VISDIC: P373
-
VISDIC: R335
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VISDIC: S (part 1)393
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VISDIC: S (part2)135
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VISDIC: T279
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VISDIC: V74
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VISDIC:W366
