1
Q
what is concrete in which steel reinforcement is embedded in such a manner that the two materials act together in resisting forces?
A
BÉTON ARMÉ / FERROCONCRETE / REINFORCED CONCRETE
2
Q
what is a system of steel bars, strands, or wires for absorbing tensile, shearing, and sometimes the compressive stresses in a concrete?
A
REINFORCEMENT
3
Q
what is a steel bar for reinforcing concrete, usually specified by a number equivalent to its diameter in eights of an inch?
A
REBAR / REINFORCING BAR
4
Q
What is a reinforcing bar hot-rolled with surface deformations to develop a greater bond with concrete?
A
DEFORMED BAR
5
Q
what is a reinforcement designed to absorb tensile stresses?
A
TENSION REINFORCEMENT
6
Q
what is reinforcement designed to absorb compressive stresses?
A
COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT
7
Q
what is concrete having no reinforcement, or reinforced only for drying shrinkage or thermal stresses?
A
PLAIN CONCRETE
8
Q
refers to constructed of cement-sand mortar over a wire mesh that has been preshaped over a mold?
A
FERROCEMENT
9
Q
What is concrete reinforced with dispersed, randomly oriented fibers of glass or plastic?
A
FIBER-REINFORCED CONCRETE
10
Q
What is a grid of longitudinal and transverse steel wires or bars welded together at all points of intersection, usually specified by the size of the grid in inches and the wire gauge?
A
WELDED-WIRE MESH / WELDED-WIRE FABRIC
11
Q
what is a mesh of cold-draw steel wires mechanically twisted together to form hexagonally shaped openings?
A
WOVEN-WIRE FABRIC
12
Q
what is a concrete section designed or analyzed on the assumption that concrete has no resistance to tensile stresses?
A
CRACKED SECTION
13
Q
what is a load that causes the tensile stress in a concrete member to exceed the tensile strength of the concrete?
A
CRACKING LOAD
14
Q
what is a concrete beam designed to act together with longitudinal and web reinforcement in resisting applied forces?
A
REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM
15
Q
what do you call the reinforcement essentially parallel to the horizontal surface of a slab or to the long axis of concrete beam or column?
A
LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT
16
Q
A
17
Q
What is a monolithic reinforced concrete construction in which a portion of the slav on each side of a beam acts as a flange in resisting compressive stresses, and the portion of the beam projecting below the slab serves as a web or stem in resisting bending and shear stresses?
A
T-BEAM
18
Q
What do you call any of the longitudinal bars serving as tension reinforcement in the section of a concrete beam or slab subject to negative moment?
A
TOP BAR
19
Q
What do you call any of the longitudinal bars serving as tension reinforcement in the section of a concrete beam or slab subject to a positive moment?
A
BOTTOM BAR
20
Q
what do you call a longitudinal bar bent up or down at points of moment reversal in a reinforced concrete beam?
A
TRUSS BAR
21
Q
what reinforcement consists of bent bars or stirrups, placed in a concrete beam to resist diagonal tension?
A
WEB REINFORCEMENT
22
Q
what is the principle tensile stresses acting at an angle to the longitudinal axis of a beam?
A
DIAGONAL TENSION
23
Q
what is the longitudinal bar bent to an angle of 30deg or more with the axis of a concrete beam, perpendicular to and intersecting the cracking that could occur from diagonal tension?
A
BENT BAR
24
Q
what do you call any of the U-shaped or closed-loop bars placed perpendicular to the longitudinal reinforcement of concrete beam to resist the vertical component of diagonal tension?
A
STIRRUP
25
what is a longitudinal reinforcement placed in a concrete column to absorb compressive stresses, resist bending stresses, and reduce the effects of creep and shrinkage in the column?
VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT
26
what do you call the splice for transferring tensile or compressive stresses from one longitudinal bar to another, made by lapping their ends for a length specified in bar diameters?
LAP SPLICE
27
what splice is for transferring tensile or compressive stresses from one longitudinal bar to another made by butting their ends together and connecting them in positive fashion?
BUTT SPLICE
28
what is a butt splice made by connecting the butted ends of two reinforcing bars with a mechanical fastener, such as a sleeve clamp?
WELDED SPLICE
29
what is a bend displacing a section of longitudinal bar to a position parallel to the original bar, used esp. in the vertical reinforcement of concrete columns?
OFFSET BEND
30
what do you call a concrete column reinforced with vertical bars and individual lateral ties?
TIED COLUMN
31
what do you call a concrete column with spiral reinforcement enclosing a circular core reinforced with vertical bars?
SPIRAL COLUMN
32
what do you call a concrete column designed to act together with vertical and lateral reinforcement in resisting applied forces?
REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN
33
what do you call the lateral reinforcement consisting of an evenly spaced continuous spiral held firmly in place by vertical spacers?
SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT
34
what is a structural steel column encased in concrete and reinforced with wire mesh?
COMPOUND COLUMN
35
what do you call a structural steel section thoroughly encased in concrete reinforced with both vertical and spiral reinforcement?
COMPOSITE COLUMN
36
what is a rigid planar structure of concrete designed to act together with principal and secondary reinforcement in resisting applied forces??
REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB
37
what reinforcement is designed to absorb the stresses from applied loads and moments?
PRINCIPAL REINFORCEMENT
38
what reinforcement is placed perpendicular to the principal reinforcement in a one-way slab to absorb the stresses resulting from shrinkage or changes in temperature?
TEMPERATURE REINFORCEMENT / SHRINKAGE REINFORCEMENT
39
what is a thin layer of high-quality concrete placed over a concrete base to form a floor surface?
TOPPING
40
what is a thin layer of mortar spread on a moistened and prepared existing concrete surface prior to laying a new concrete slab?
BONDING LAYER
41
what do you call a concrete slab of uniform thickness reinforced in one direction and cast integrally with parallel supporting beams suitable only for relatively short spans?
ONE-WAY SLAB
42
what is a reinforced concrete slab cast integrally with a series of closely spaced joists, which in turn are supported by a parallel set of beams, designed as a series of T-beams and are economical for medium spans with light to medium live loads?
JOIST SLAB / RIBBED SLAB
43
what do you call a one-way slab supported by secondary beams, which in turn are supported by primary beams or girders?
BEAM-AND-GIRDER SLAB
44
what is a broad, shallow supporting beam for a ribbed slab that is economical to form since its depth is the same as that of the joists?
JOIST BAND
45
what is a rib formed perpendicular to the joists of a ribbed slab to distribute possible load concentrations over a larger area?
DISTRIBUTION RIB
46
what is a pan tapered to form thickened joist ends for greater shear resistance in a ribbed slab?
TAPERED ENDFORM
47
what is a reusable metal of fiberglass mold used in forming a ribbed slab?
PAN
48
what is a concrete slab of uniform thickness reinforced in two directions and cast integrally with supporting edge beams or bearing walls on four sides, economical for medium spans with intermediate to heavy loads?
TWO-WAY SLAB
49
what is a reinforced concrete slab extending as a structural unit over three or more supports in a given direction, subject to lower bending moments than a series of discrete, simply supported slabs?
CONTINUOUS SLAB
50
what do you call a portion of a reinforced concrete slab bounded on all sides by the centerlines of columns, beams, or walls?
PANEL
51
What is a strip running in each direction of a two-way slab, within which moments per foot are assumed to be constant?
PANEL STRIP
52
what is a panel strip, one-half panel in width and symmetrical about the panel centerline?
MIDDLE STRIP
53
what is a panel strip occupying the adjacent quarter panels on both sides of a column centerline?
COLUMN STRIP
54
what is the potentially high-shearing stress developed by the reactive force of a column on a reinforced concrete slab?
PUNCHING SHEAR
55
what is a concrete slab of uniform thickness reinforced in two or more directions supported directly by columns without beams or girders, suitable for short to medium spans with relatively light live loads?
FLAT PLATE
56
what flat plate is thickened at its column supports to increase its shear strength and moment-resisting capacity suitable for heavily loaded spans?
FLAT SLAB
57
what do you call the overstressed region of a reinforced concrete slab at a column support?
SHEAR HEAD
58
what is a flat slab construction utilizing column capitals and drop panels?
MUSHROOM CONSTRUCTION
59
what do you call the portion of a flat slab thickened around a column or column capital to increase its resistance to shear?
DROP PANEL
60
what do you call the head of a column support for a flat slab enlarged to increase the plate area in shear?
COLUMN CAPITAL
61
what two-way concrete slab is reinforced by ribs in two directions able to carry heavier loads and span longer distances than flat slabs?
WAFFLE SLAB
62
what do you call the square metal or fiberglass pan used in forming the ribs of a waffle slab?
DOME
63
what panel of flat slab has at least one edge that does not adjoin another panel?
EXTERIOR PANEL
64
what panel of flat slab adjoins other panels along all four edges?
INTERIOR PANEL
65
what concrete member or product is cast and cured in a place other than where it is to be installed in a structure?
PRECAST CONCRETE
66
what is a precast, prestressed concrete plank internally cored to reduce dead weight, suitable for medium to long spans and uniformly distributed floor and roof loads?
HOLLOW-CORE SLAB
67
what is a precast, prestressed concrete slab having a broad, T-shaped cross section?
SINGLE TEE
68
What is a precast, prestressed concrete slab having two stems and a broad cross section resembling the capital letters TT?
DOUBLE TEE
69
what is a precast, prestressed ledger beam having a cross section resembling an inverted capital T?
INVERTED TEE
70
what is a precast,, prestressed ledger beam having a cross section resembling the capital letter L?
L-BEAM
71
what is a reinforced concrete beam having projecting ledges for receiving the ends of joists or slabs?
LEDGER BEAM
72
what concrete is reinforced by pretensioning or poosttensioning high-strength steel tendons within their elastic limit too actively resist service load?
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
73
refers to the introduction of internal stresses to concrete member in order to counteract the stresses that will result from an applied load?
PRESTRESS
74
refers to prestressing a concrete member by tensioning the reinforcing tendons before the concrete is cast
PRETENSION
75
what is a cable composed of high-strength steel wires twisted about a core?
STRAND
76
what is a long horizontal slab on which a number of pretensioned concrete members may be prestressed, formed, and cast simultaneously?
CASTING BED
77
what is a structure for anchoring the reinforcing tendons in the pretensioning of a concrete member?
ABUTMENT
78
what is a mechanical device for locking a stressed tendon in position and delivering the prestressing force to the concrete, either permanently in a posttensioned member or temporarily during hardening of a pretensioned concrete member?
ANCHORAGE / ANCHOR
79
what do you call the tensile force exerted temporarily by a jack in the prestressing of a concrete member?
JACKING FORCE
80
what hydraulic device is used for stretching and stressing tendons in the prestressing of a concrete member?
JACK
81
What do you call the tensile force in the reinforcing tendons transferred to a concrete member at the time of stressing?
INITIAL PRESTRESS
82
what do you call the reduction in initial prestress resulting from the combined effects of creep, shrinkage, or elastic shortening of the concrete, relaxation of the reinforcing steel, friction losses resulting from the curvature of draped tendons, and slippage at the anchorages?
LOSS OF PRESTRESS
83
what do you call the internal stress that exists in a prestressed concrete member after all losses in prestress have occured?
FINAL PRESTRESS
84
what do you call the final prestress in a prestressed concrete member, including the effect of the weight of the member but excluding the effect of any superimposed load?
EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS
85
what do you call the prestressing of a concrete member to a level of stress such that nominal tensile stresses exist at design or service loads?
PARTIAL PRESTRESSING
86
refers to prestress a concrete member by tensioning the reinforcing tendons after the concrete has set
POST TENSION
87
what posttensioning in which the reinforcing tendons are bonded to the surrounding concrete by injecting grout into the annular spaces around the strands?
BONDED POSTTENSIONING
88
what posttensioning in which the annular spaces around the reinforcing tendons are not grouted, allowing the tendons to move relative to the surrounding concrete?
UNBONDED POSTTENSIONING
89
what is a tube for encasing tendons in a posttensioned member to prevent their bonding to the concrete during placement?
SHEATH
90
refers to prestress a concrete member by pretensioning some of the tendons and posttensioning others?
PRE-POSTTENSION
91
What tendon has a straight trajectory coincident with the centroidal axis of a prestressed concrete member; when tensioned, the tendon produces a uniformly distributed compressive stress across the section that counteracts the tensile stress from bending?
CONCENTRIC TENDON
92
what tendon has a straight trajectory not coincident with the centroidal axis of a prestressed concrete member; when tensioned the tendon produces an eccentric prestressing force that reduces the compressive stress across the section to that produced by bending alone?
ECCENTRIC TENDON
93
what postensioning tendon has a parabolic trajectory that mirrors the moment diagram of a uniformly distributed gravity load; when tensioned, the tendon produces a variable eccentricity that responds to the variation in applied bending moment along the length of the member?
DRAPED TENDON
94
what pretensioning tendon approximates the curve of a draped tendon with straightline segments, used in the pretensioning process since the prestressing force does not allow for draping the tendon?
DEPRESSED TENDON
95
what do you call one of a series of depressed tendons having varying slopes?
HARPED TENDON
96
what is the external upper covering of a bldg, including the frame for supporting the roofing?
ROOF
97
what roof has no slope, or one with only a slight pitch so as to drain rainwater?
FLAT ROOF
98
what roof has one or more slopes?
PITCHED ROOF
99
what roof slopes downward in two parts from a central ridge, so as to form a gable at each end?
GABLE ROOF
100
what is the triangular portion of the wall enclosing the end of a pitched roof from cornice or eaves to ridge?
GABLE
101
what do you call the slope of a roof, commonly expressed in inches of vertical rise per foot of horizontal run?
PITCH
102
what do you call the measured height of a sloping roof from the eaves to the ridge?
RISE
103
what do you call the horizontal distance from the eaves to the ridge of a sloping roof?
RUN
104
what roof has sloping ends and sides meeting at an inclined projecting angle?
HIP ROOF
105
what roof is divided on each side of the ridge into two or more slopes, such as a gambrel or mansard?
CURB ROOF
106
what ridged roof has on each side a steeper lower part and a shallower upper part?
MANSARD ROOF
107
what roof has two slopes, each descending inward from the eaves?
BUTTERFLY ROOF
108
what roof has a single slope?
SHED ROOF
109
what is a shed roof with the higher end abutting a wall or a larger bldg?
LEAN-TO
110
what is a shed roof projecting from a wall or the side of a bldg to shelter a door or other opening?
APPENTICE / PENT / PENTICE / PENTHOUSE
111
what is a pyramidal hip roof?
PAVILION ROOF
112
what roof has a hipped end truncating a gable?
JERKINHEAD / SHREADHEAD / HIPPED GABLE
113
what ridged roof is divided on each side into a shallower slope above a steeper one?
GAMBREL ROOF
114
what is a gable roof in the form of board Gothic arch, with gently sloping convex surfaces?
RAINBOW ROOF
115
what do you call the arris between an upper and lower slope on a gambrel or mansard roof?
CURB
116
what is a roof or ceiling having a semicylindrical form?
BARREL ROOF
117
what roof is composed of a series of small parallel roof of triangular cross section, usually assymetrical with the shorter slope glazed?
SAWTOOTH ROOF
118
what is the horizontal line of intersection at the top between two sloping planes of a roof?
RIDGE
119
what is an intersection of two inclined roof surfaces toward which rainwater flows?
VALLEY
120
what is the inclined projecting angle formed by the junction of two adjacent sloping sides of a roof?
HIP
121
what is a raise construction straddling the ridge of a roof, having windows or louvers for lighting or ventilating a bldg?
MONITOR
122
what is an opening in a roof or ceiling, glazed with a transparent or translucent material, for admitting daylight?
SKYLIGHT
123
what is the inclined, usually projecting edge of a sloping roof?
RAKE
124
what is the overhanging lower edge of a roof?
EAVE / EAVES
125
what is a ridge connecting two points or peaks of a roof?
SADDLE
126
what is a small roof for diverting rainwater around a projection, such as a chimney, on a sloping roof?
CRICKET
127
what is a projecting structure built out from a sloping roof, usually housing a vertical window or ventilating louver?
DORMER
128
what is either of two similar sides of projection, as of a dormer or buttress?
CHEEK
129
what dormer has a shed roof?
SHED DORMER
130
what dormer has a gable roof?
GABLE DORMER
131
what is a large dormer that houses a chimney or joins one part of a roof to another?
LINK DORMER
132
what is a low dormer having a roof that is upwardly curving continuation of the main roof plane?
EYEBROW
133
what is a gutter built into the slope of a roof, above the cornice?
BOX GUTTER
134
what is a board laid next to the gutter on a sloping roof to receive the turned-up edge of the metal lining?
LAYER BOARD / LEAR BOARD
135
What gutter has a V-shaped section, fixed to the eaves of a bldg?
ARRIS GUTTER
136
what is a metal strap or bracket for supporting and securing a gutter?
GUTTER HANGER
137
what gutter is fastened to the ends of rafters or to a fascia at the eaves of a roof?
HANGING GUTTER
138
what is a long-nail-and-formd-metal sleeve for fastening a gutter to the eaves of a roof?
SPIKE-AND-FERRULE
139
what drain is designed to receive water collecting on the surface of a roof to discharge it into a leader or downspout?
ROOF DRAIN
140
what is an opening in the side of a bldg, as in a parapet, for draining off rainwater?
SCUPPER
141
what is a channel of metal or wood at the eaves or on the roof of a bldg, for carrying off rainwater?
EAVES TROUGH / GUTTER
142
what is a box-like head of a downspout connected to a scupper or gutter?
LEADER HEAD
143
what is a vertical pipe for conveying rainwater down from a roof or gutter to the ground?
DRAINSPOUT / LEADER / DOWNSPOUT
144
what is the base of a downspout, curved outward to direct the flow away from the wall?
SHOE
145
what is a precast concrete block having depressed, splayed surface, placed at the base of a downspout to disperse rainwater that would otherwise erode the soil?
SPLASH BLOCK
146
what roof in which longitudinal members, such as a ridge beam and purlins, are used as intermediate supports for common rafters?
DOUBLE-FRAMED ROOF / DOUBLE ROOF
147
what is a vertical member from the apex to the bottom chord of a pitched truss?
KING POST
148
what king post has notched or raised areas for receiving and supporting the feet of inclined struts?
JOGGLE PIECE / JOGGLE POST
149
what is an enlarged area of a post for supporting the foot of a strut or brace?
JOGGLE
150
what is a pitched truss having a king post?
KING TRUSS
151
what is a longitudinal member of a roof frame for supporting common rafters between the ridge and the eaves?
BINDING RAFTER / PURLIN
152
what rafter extends from a wallplate to a ridgeboard or ridgebeam and has no function other than to support sheathing and covering of a roof?
COMMON RAFTER
153
what is a beam perpendicular to the ends of tie beams in a trussed roof and supporting common rafters near their lower ends?
POLE PLATE
154
what is a diagonal member of a roof principal, usually forming part of a truss and supporting the purlins on which common rafters rest?
PRINCIPAL RAFTER
155
what member in a frame structure upon which adjacent or similar members depend for support or reinforcement?
PRINCIPAL
156
what rafter reinforces a principal rafter or a diagonal member of a queen truss?
CUSHION RAFTER / AUXILIARY RAFTER
157
What is a horizontal tie beam uniting the tops of two queen posts?
STRAINING BEAM / STRAINING PIECE
158
What do you call either of the two vertical web members set at equal distances from the apex of a pitched truss?
QUEEN POST
159
what is a horizontal timber for connecting two structural members to keep them from spreading apart, such as the beam connecting the feet of two principal rafters in a roof truss?
TIE BEAM
160
What is a compression member lying along and dogged to the tie beam of a queen truss and separating the feet of the queen posts?
STRAINING SILL
161
what is a pitched truss having two queen posts connected by a straining piece?
QUEEN TRUSS
162
what is a curved brace, usually used in pairs to support a roof frame and give the effect of an arch?
ARCH BRACE
163
What is a vertical timber set on the inner end of a hammer beam ad braced to a collar beam above to support a purlin?
HAMMER POST
164
what is one of short horizontal members attached to the foot of a principal rafter at the level of the wall plate, used in place of a tie beam?
HAMMER BEAM
165
What is a bracket for supporting a hammer beam?
HAMMER BRACE
166
what do you call a support projecting horizontally from a wall to bear the weight of a cantilever or to strengthen an angle?
BRACKET
167
what is a vertical timber supported at its lower end by a corbel and carrying at its upper end a hammer beam or a tie beam?
PENDANT POST
168
what is one of a pair of naturally curved timbers, forming one of several arched frames supporting the roof of an old English cottage or farm building?
CRUCK
169
what do you call the act, process, or manner of constructing the structural frame of a roof?
ROOF FRAMING
170
what is a pair of rafters connected by a collar beam or tie beam?
COUPLE-CLOSE / COUPLE
171
what is a horizontal timber uniting two opposing rafters at a point below the ridge, usually in the upper half of the rafter length?
COLLAR TIE / COLLAR BEAM
172
what is any of a series of small, parallel beams for supporting the sheathing and covering of a pitched roof?
RAFTER
173
what is a joist for carrying the finish ceiling of a room?
CEILING JOIST
174
what is a short wall supporting rafters at some intermediate position along their length?
KNEE WALL
175
What is a horizontal timber at the ridge of a roof, to which the upper ends of the rafters are fastened?
RIDGEPOLE / RIDGEPIECE / RIDGE BOARD
176
what is a beam for supporting the upper ends of rafters at the ridge of a roof?
RIDGE BEAM
177
what is a plumb cut at the upper end of a rafter where it butts against a ridgeboard?
TOP CUT
178
it means a vertical or perpendicular in direction
PLUMB
179
what is a method of determining the length of a rafter with a framing square, by marking in increment of angular length of each foot of horizontal run?
STEPPING OFF
180
what is a right-angled notch cut on the underside of a rafter to fit over a longitudinal member, such as a wall plate?
BIRD'S MOUTH
181
what is a horizontal cut at the lower end of a rafter that allows it to rest on and be connected to a wall plate?
FOOT CUT / PLATE CUT / SEAT CUT
182
what is a relatively short bracket or cantilever for supporting the overhang of a roof?
TAILPIECE / LOOKOUT
183
what is either of the end rafters in the part of a gable roof that projects beyond the gable wall?
FLY RAFTER
184
what is any rafter that is shorter than the full length of the roof slope, as one meeting a hip or a valley?
JACK RAFTER
185
what is a jack rafter extending from a Calley rafter to a ridge?
VALLEY JACK
186
what rafter connects the ridge to the wall plate along a valley?
VALLEY RAFTER
187
What rafter joins a hip to a valley?
DOUBLE JACK RAFTER / CRIPPLE JACK
188
What jack rafter extends from a wall plate to a hip rafter?
HIP JACK
189
what rafter forms the junction of the sloping sides of a hip roof?
HIP RAFTER
190
What is a beam extending outward from a main structure to support the projection of a floor or roof?
OUTRIGGER
191
what is a pair of rafters supporting the part of a gable roof that projects beyond the gable wall?
BARGE COUPLE
192
what is a board, often carved, attached to the projecting end of a gable roof?
VERGEBOARD / BARGEBOARD
193
what is a bevel given to the outer and upper edge of a hip rafter in order to allow sheathing to fit the top of the rafter without leaving a triangular space between it and the lower side of the roof covering?
BACKING
194
what is an oblique angular cut at the end of a jack rafter enabling it to fit tightly against a hip rafter or valley rafter?
SIDE CUT / CHEEK CUT
195
what is a short beam receiving and holding the foot of a hip rafter to counteract its thrust?
DRAGON BEAM / DRAGON PIECE
196
what is an angle brace for supporting one end of a dragon beam?
DRAGON TIE
197
what is any of various water-resistant materials, as shingles, slates, or tiles, laid on a roof to shed or drain rainwater?
ROOFING
198
what is a thin, usually oblong piece of wood, asphaltic material, slate, metal, or concrete, laid in overlapping rows to cover the roof and walls of bldg?
SHINGLE
199
what is the overlapping of shingles or roofing tiles with break joints to form a weathertight covering?
IMBRICATION
200
what do you call the arranging of bldg units, such as masonry, shingles, or siding, to ensure that vertical joints are not continuous in adjacent courses?
STAGGERED JOINTS / BREAK JOINTS
201
what do you call the boards, plywood, or structural panels fastened to the frame of a wall or roof as a base for cladding or roofing?
SHEATHING
202
what is an H-shaped metal device for joining sheets of plywood roof sheathing at unsupported joints?
PANEL CLIP
203
what is a weather resistant material, such as roofing felt, for covering and protecting a roof deck before shingles are applied?
UNDERLAYMENT
204
what is an additional layer of underlayment cemented to a roof deck to prevent, melting ice and snow from backing up under the roofing along the eaves?
EAVES FLASHING
205
What is a buildup of snow and ice along the eaves of a sloping roof?
ICE DAM
206
what is a method of laying shingles by offsetting alternate courses one-half the width of a shingle?
COMMON LAP
207
what do you call the distance by which a shingle, slate, or roofing tiles overlaps another in the course immediately below it?
TOPLAP
208
what do you call the distance by which a shingle, slate, or roofing tiles overlaps another in the second course below it?
HEADLAP
209
what do you call the portion of the length of a shingle, slate, or roofing tiles left exposed to the weather when laid in place?
GAUGE / EXPOSURE
210
what is a course or layer of roofing material covering the ridge of a roof?
RIDGECAP
211
what do you call the top course of shingles, slates, or roofing tiles next to a ridge, cut to the required length?
RIDGE COURSE
212
what is one of the alternate courses of shingles or slate laid with shorter or longer exposure?
RIBBON COURSE
213
what is a course of shingles laid with the butts slightly above or below the one adjacent?
STAGGERED COURSE
214
what is a double layer of shingle or tile laid at the foot of a roof slope or a vertical section of shingling?
DOUBLING COURSE
215
what is the first course of shingles, slates, or tiles along the eaves of a roof before the first regular course is laid?
STARTING COURSE
216
what is a method of laying shingles or slates by lapping each shingle over one to the side and one below?
DUTCH LAP
217
what do you call the distance by which a shingle, slate, or roofing tile overlaps an adjacent one along its side edge?
SIDELAP / ENDLAP
218
what is a composition shingle having an asphalt impregnated felt base, surface on the weather side with colored mineral granules embedded in a hot asphaltic coating?
ASPHALT SHINGLE
219
what is a composition shingle having an inorganic fiberglass base, saturated with asphalt and surfaced on the weather side with colored ceramic granules?
FIBERGLASS SHINGLE
220
what is a valley formed by overlapping successive courses of shingles in alternate directions?
LACED VALLEY / WOVEN VALLEY / CLOSED VALLEY
221
what is a valley at which shingles or slates are not laid to the intersection, exposing a lining of sheet metal or roll roofing?
OPEN VALLEY
222
what is a wide strip of sheet metal or roofing felt for lining the valley of a roof?
VALLEY FLASHING
223
what is a thick shingle formed by splitting a short log into a number of tapered radial sections?
SHAKE
224
what is a handsplit shake tapered by reversing the block with each split?
TAPERSPLIT SHAKE
225
what is a tapersplit shake having a split face and a sawn back?
HANDSPLIT-AND-RESAWN SHAKE
226
What is a handsplit shake of uniform thickness?
STRAIGHTSPLIT SHAKE
227
what is the thick, usually lower exposed end of a wood shingle or shake?
BUTT
228
what are roofing boards laid some distance apart to provide ventilation for wood shingles and shakes?
OPEN BOARDING / SKIP SHEATHING / SPACED SHEATHING
229
What do you call a row of wood shingles laid along the rake of a sloping roof with the butts projecting outward to give an inward slope to the surface shingles?
UNDERCOURSE
230
what do you call the weaving of shingle at the hip or ridge of a roof?
BOSTON RIDGE / BOSTON HIP
231
What is a strip of wood fixed to each rafter at the eaves in order to extend a sloping roof with a flatter pitch?
COCKING PIECE / SPROCKET
232
what is a sometimes ornamental cut at the lower end of the a rafter tail?
TAIL CUT
233
what do you call the lower, sometimes exposed, end of a rafter that overhangs a wall?
RAFTER TAIL
234
what is any broad, flat, horizontal surface, such as the outer edge of a cornice or roof?
FASCIA
235
what is an eaves overhang exposing the ends of rafters and the underside of the roof sheathing?
OPEN EAVES / OPEN CORNICE
236
what is a wide board set vertically to cover the lower ends of rafters or the joint between the top of a wall and the projecting eaves?
FASCIA BOARD
237
what is a slightly projecting, hollow cornice of boards and moldings, nailed to rafters and lookouts?
CLOSED CORNICE / BOX CORNICE
238
what is the continuation of a cornice around the gable end of a house?
CORNICE RETURN
239
what is a method of laying roofing slates with the diagonal of each tile running horizontally?
DIAGONAL SETTING
240
What is a diagonal slating in which the tails are cut from the roofing slates?
HONEYCOMB SLATING
241
what is one of a number of courses of roofing slates that diminish in exposure, and sometimes width, from the eaves to the ridge?
DIMINISHING COURSE
242
what do you call the upper end of a roofing slate?
HEAD
243
what do you call the lower, exposed portion of a roofing slate?
TAIL
244
what is a copper nail having a large, flat head and a medium-diamond-shaped point, used esp. for fixing slates?
SLATING NAIL
245
what do you call one of the roofing tiles covering the main expanse of a roof?
FIELD TILE
246
What is any of various clay or concrete tiles for covering a roof?
ROOFING TILE
247
what is a convex roofing tile for covering the hip of a roof?
BONNET TILE / HIP TILE
248
what is a convex, sometimes decorated roofing tile for covering the ridge of a roof?
CROWN TILE / RIDGE TILE
249
What is a first course of shingles, slates, or tiles on a roof?
EAVES COURSE
250
What is a roofing tile formed to cove the rake of a sloping roof?
RAKE TILE
251
what is an L-shaped roofing tile for covering the ridge, hip, or rake of a roof?
ARRIS TILE / ANGLE TILE
252
what is a row of slates or tiles placed on and projecting over the raking edges of a gable?
BARGE COURSE
253
what is a roofing tile, usually shorter or plainer than the field tiles, placed under the eaves?
STARTER TILE
254
what is a wooden strip of triangular section used to raise the edge of a double eaves couses and ensure that the tails of the lowest tiles bed tightly on each other?
TILTING FILLET
255
what is a flat, rectangular roofing tile having a groove along one edge that fits over a flange in the next tile in the same course?
SHINGLE TILE
256
what is a horizontal wood strip on which roofing tiles or slates are hung?
BATTEN
257
what is a tapered, semicylindrical roofing tile laid convex side up to overlap flanking, similar tiles laid concave side up?
SPANISH TILE / MISSION TILE
258
what is a twisted wire tie extending from the eaves to the ridge of a roof, to which roofing tiles are secured?
TILE TIE
259
what is a tapered, semicylindrical roofing laid convex side up?
IMBREX
260
what is a tapered semicylindrical roofing tile laid concave side up?
TEGULA
261
what is a roofing tile having an S-shaped cross section, laid so the downturn of one overlaps the upturn of the next in the same course?
PANTILE
262
what is a system of roofing tiles consisting of tapered, semicylindrical tiles overlapping the flanges of flat undertiles in the same course?
PAN-AND ROLL TILING
263
what roof covering of corrugated sheets of galvanized iron, coated steel, aluminum, fiberglass, or reinforced plastic?
CORRUGATED ROOFING
264
what is a rounded cap for covering the ridge of a roof?
RIDGE ROLL
265
what roof covering is made of flexible tinplate or terneplate?
TIN ROOFING
266
what roof covering made of copper sheets, joined by standing seams?
COPPER ROOFING
267
what is a metal clip for securing lengths of sheet metal?
HOLD-DOWN CLIP
268
what do you call the part of a sheet of metal roofing that laps over a sheet beneath it at a drip or seam?
OVERCLOAK
269
what do you call the lower sheet of metal roofing at a drip or seam?
UNDERCLOAK
270
what is a strip of metal or wood attached to a surface to restrain or support an element or member?
CLEAT
271
what is a joint between two pieces of sheet metal, made by folding up the adjoining edges against each other, folding them over, and flattening the interlock?
LOCK SEAM
272
what is a joint between two pieces of sheet metal, made by folding up the adjoining edges against each other, then folding their upper portion over in the same direction?
STANDING SEAM
273
what is a joint between two pieces of sheet metal, made by turning up the adjoining edges against a batten and locking them in place with a metal strip placed over the batten?
BATTEN SEAM
274
what is a joint between two pieces of sheet metal in the direction of the fall of a curved or sloping roof, made by turning up the adjoining edges against each other, then bending them around to form a cylindrical roll?
ROLL SEAM
275
What do you call the edge of sheet metal stiffened by bending and flattening a narrow strip or rolling the edge into a tube shape?
BEAD
276
what is a sheet of elastomeric material, such as neoprene, EPDM, or PVC, having seams fused by heat or solvent, fixed to a roof deck with adhesive, mechanical fasteners, or by the weight of a gravel ballast?
SINGLE-PLY ROOFING
277
what is a metal strip with a vertical flange for retaining surfacing aggregate and preventing leaks around the edge of a built-up roof?
GRAVEL STOP
278
what does EPDM stands for?
ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DIENE MONOMER
279
what is a single-ply roofing membrane protected from sunlight and extremes of temperature by a layer of rigid board insulation and an additional layer of gravel ballast?
PROTECTED MEMBRANE ROOF
280
what is a continuous covering for roofs of complex geometry, consisting of an elastomeric material, such as neoprene, Hypalon, or butyl rubber, applied in multiple coats with a roller or spray gun and curing to form a continuous membrane?
FLUID-APPLIED ROOFING
281
what do you call the edge of a sheet of roll roofing that is free of granules and most of the asphalt coating so as to provide a better bond with the lap of the next sheet?
SELVAGE
282
What is a roofing material consisting of felt saturated with asphalt and surfaced on the weather side with a harder asphalt and surfaced on the weather side with a harder asphalt mixed with mineral or glass fibers, and a covering of mineral granules?
ROLL ROOFING
283
what is a cementitious insulating board of lightweight aggregate or wood fibers bonded under pressure with Portland cement, having a factory finished underside for use on roof with exposed beams?
STRUCTURAL INSULATING ROOF DECK
284
what is a roof covering consisting of layers of roofing felt or synthetic fabric bonded and sealed with a cold application of an asphalt mastic or cement?
COLD-PRESS ROOFING
285
what is a continuous covering for flat or low-pitched roofs, consisting of alternating layers or plies of roofing felt and heated bitumen, surfaced with a cap sheet or a layer of gravel or slag embedded in bitumen?
BUILT-UP ROOFING
286
what do you call any of the various mixtures of hydrocarbons occurring naturally or distilled from coal or petroleum, such as asphalt or coal tar, used for surfacing roads, waterproofing, and roofing?
BITUMEN
287
what is a brownish-black mixture of bitumens obtained from native deposits or as petroleum byproduct, used for paving, waterproofing, and roofing?
ASPHALT
288
what is a viscous, black liquid formed during the distillation of coal, used for paints, waterproofing, and roofing?
COAL TAR
289
what is a layer of gravel serving to protect a roofing membrane from mechanical abrasion and uplifting wind forces?
WEAR COURSE
290
what is a sheet of coated, mineral-suurfaced felt, used as the top ply in a built-up roof?
CAP SHEET
291
what is a matted, fibrous material impregnated with a bituminous material for increased toughness and resistance to weather?
ROOFING PAPER / ROOFING FELT
292
what is a felt impregnated with asphalt or coal tar for use as the first ply in the laying of a built-up roof?
BASE SHEET
293
what do you call a portion of space within a bldg, separated by walls, or partitions from other similar spaces?
ROOM
294
what is a large room or bldg for public gatherings or entertainment?
HALL
295
what is a long relatively narrow room or hall, esp. one for public use and having architectural importance through its scale or decorative treatment?
GALLERY
296
what is a recess or small room connected to or forming a part of a larger room?
ALCOVE
297
what do you call the axial arrangement of doorways connecting a series of rooms so as to provide a vista down the entire length of the suite?
ENFILADE
298
what is a small entrance hall between the outer door and the interior of a house or bldg?
VESTIBULE
299
what is an outer room that leads to a large, more important room, often used as a waiting area?
ANTEROOM
300
what is a corridor or passageway in a house, hotel, or other bldg?
HALL / HALLWAY
301
what is a narrow passageway or gallery connecting parts of a bldg, esp. one into which several rooms or apartments open?
CORRIDOR
302
what do you call a connected series or group of rooms arranged to be used together?
SUITE
303
what is a floor plan consisting of fully enclosed spaces or distinct rooms linked by doorways?
CLOSED PLAN
304
what do you call a floor plan having no fully enclosed spaces or distinct rooms?
OPEN PLAN
305
what is a set of furniture pieces arranged according to function and use?
FUNCTIONAL GROUPING
306
what is a close, often compact correspondence between functional groupings and the form or structure of the enclosing space?
TIGHT FIT
307
what do you call a free and unrestrained arrangement of furniture groupings that does not necessarily correspond to the form or structure of the surrounding space?
LOOSE FIT
308
what do you call the 3D field in which objects and events occur and have relative position and direction, esp. a portion of that field set apart in a given instance or for a particular purpose?
SPACE
309
what do you call the ordinary two- or three-dimensional space in which Euclid's definitions and axioms apply?
CARTESIAN SPACE / EUCLIDEAN SPACE
310
what do you call the physical volume or bulk of a solid body?
MASS
311
what do you call the physical environment having particular characteristics or used for a particular purpose?
PLACE
312
what is an empty space contained within or bounded by mass?
VOID
313
what do you call the mood, character, or atmosphere of an environment or milieu?
AMBIENCE / AMBIANCE
314
what do you call a place affording shelter, protection, or safety from danger or distress?
REFUGE
315
what do you call a place of rest and tranquility?
REPOSE
316
what do you call a point or place upon which interest, activity, or emotion focuses?
CENTER
317
what do you call a central point of attraction, attention, or activity?
FOCUS
318
what do you call a view from a particular place, or the place offering a view?
OUTLOOK
319
what do you call an outlook over a region or in a particular direction, or the place that commands such a view?
PROSPECT
320
what do you call two spaces abutting or contiguous with each other, esp. when having a common boundary or border?
ADJACENT SPACES
321
what do you call two spaces joined or connected by a third intervening space?
LINKED SPACE
322
what do you call two spaces interwoven or fit into each other so as to form a zone or field of shared space?
INTERLOCKING SPACES
323
what is a space enveloped or incorporated as an essential part of a larger space?
EMBEDDED SPACE
324
Refers to the movement, passage, or change from one form, state, or place to another?
TRANSITION
325
what is a small or narrow intervening space between things or parts?
INTERSTICE
326
what is a space occupying ann intermediate place or position, esp. to serve as an intermediary between differing forms, structures, or functions?
MEDIATING SPACE
327
what is a line or narrow part where an area begins or ends?
EDGE
328
what do you call the passage of persons or things from one place to another or through an area?
CIRCULATION
329
what is a place or point of entering or beginning?
THRESHOLD
330
what is a route or course along which movement occurs, or the pattern of such movement?
PATH
331
what do you call the arrangement of spaces in which they are extended, arranged, or linked, along a line, path, or gallery?
LINEAR ORGANIZATION
332
what do you call the arrangement of spaces in which they are gathered about or coming together at a large or dominant central space?
CENTRALIZED ORGANIZATION
333
what do you call the arrangement of spaces in which they are arranged like radii or rays from a central space or core?
RADIAL ORGANIZATION
334
what do you call the arrangement of spaces in which they are grouped, collected, or gathered closely together and related by proximity rather than geometry?
CLUSTERED ORGANIZATION
335
what do you call the arrangement of spaces in which they are organized with reference to a rectangular system of lines and coordinates?
GRID ORGANIZATION
VISUAL DICTIONARY (ALE)
flashcards
Decks in class (22)
# Cards
-
VISDIC: GENERAL27
-
VISDIC: A53
-
VISDIC: B198
-
VISDIC: C450
-
VISDIC:D357
-
VISDIC:E189
-
VISDIC: F (part 1)500
-
VISDIC: G153
-
VISDIC: F (part 2)40
-
VISDIC: H314
-
VISDIC: J64
-
VISDIC: L232
-
VISDIC: M (part 1)280
-
VISDIC: M (part 2)219
-
VISDIC: O203
-
VISDIC: P373
-
VISDIC: R335
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VISDIC: S (part 1)393
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VISDIC: S (part2)135
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VISDIC: T279
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VISDIC: V74
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VISDIC:W366
