3.3 - Empires : Belief Systems

Question 1

Henry VIII

Answer 1

king of England who broke from the Catholic Church and started the Anglican Church

Question 2

Anne Boleyn

Answer 2

Henry VII’s second wife; her marriage led to England’s split from the Catholic Church

Question 3

Charles V

Answer 3

Holy Roman Emperor who fought to keep Europe Catholic during the Protestant Reformation

Question 4

Phillip II

Answer 4

powerful Spanish king who sent the Spanish Armada to attack England

Question 5

Spanish Armada

Answer 5

a huge fleet sent by Spain to invade England in 1588, but it was defeated

Question 6

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 6

a 1555 agreement allowing German princes to choose Catholicism of Lutheranism for their state

Question 7

Edit of Nantes

Answer 7

a French law (1598) giving Protestants the right to practice their religion in France

Question 8

Thirty Years’ War

Answer 8

a destructive war (1618-1648) between Catholics and Protestants in Europe

Question 9

Peace of Westphalia

Answer 9

a 1648 treaty ending the Thirty Years’ War, letting European rulers choose their country’s religion

Question 10

Indulgences

Answer 10

payments to the Catholic Church for forgiveness of sings, criticized by reformers

Question 11

Simony

Answer 11

the buying or selling of church positions or jobs

Question 12

Holy Synod

Answer 12

a council of church leaders who ran the Russian Orthodox Church under the tsars

Question 13

Counter-Reformation

Answer 13

the Catholic Church’s response to the Reformation, aiming to fix problems and stop people from leaving

Question 14

Inquisition

Answer 14

church courts that investigation and punished people accused of heresy

Question 15

Jesuits

Answer 15

members of a Catholic order founded to spread the faith, teach, and stop Protestantism

Question 16

Council of Trent

Answer 16

a big Catholic meeting (1545-1563) to reform the Church and respond to Protestant ideas

Question 17

Martin Luther

Answer 17

a German monk who started the Protestant Reformation by challenging the Catholic Church

Question 18

95 Theses

Answer 18

Martin Luther’s list of agruments against Church practices, especially indulgences

Question 19

John Calvin

Answer 19

a leader of the Reformation who taught predestination and started Calvinism

Question 20

Elect

Answer 20

people chosen by God to be save, according to Calvinist belief

Question 21

Predestined

Answer 21

the idea that God has already decided who will go to heaven

Question 22

Puritans

Answer 22

a group of English Protestants who wanted to “purify” the Anglican Church of Catholic practices

Question 23

Protestant Reformation

Answer 23

a movement that broke away from the Catholic Church and created new Christian groups

Question 24

Anglican Church

Answer 24

the Church of England, started by Henry VIII after splitting from the Catholic Church

Question 25

Sharia

Answer 25

islamic law based on the Quran and traditions of Muhammad

Question 26

Sikhism

Answer 26

a religion from India blending ideas from Hinduism and Islam, started in the 1400s

Question 27

Empiricism

Answer 27

the idea that knowledge comes from experience and observation, not just theory