4.7 - Changing Social Hierarchies

Question 1

Mehmed II

Answer 1

Ottoman sultan who conquered Constantinople and expanded the empire

Question 2

Akbar the Great

Answer 2

Mughal emperor known for religious tolerance and centralizing power in India

Question 3

Roxelana

Answer 3

a powerful woman in the Ottoman Empire who rose from slavery to become the sultan’s wife and political advisor

Question 4

Qing Dynasty

Answer 4

the last imperial dynasty of China, ruled by the Manchu, known for expanding and controlling a diverse empire

Question 5

Manchu

Answer 5

the ethnic group from Manchuria who founded and ruled the Qing Dynasty in China

Question 6

Li Chengdong

Answer 6

a Han Chinese general who helped the Manchu conquer the Ming dynasty and suppress rebellions

Question 7

Louis XIV

Answer 7

French king who ruled as an absolute monarch, famously saying “I am the state”

Question 8

Ivan IV

Answer 8

also known as Ivan the Terrible, Russian czar who centralized power and reduced the influence of nobles (boyars)

Question 9

Timar

Answer 9

a land grant system in the Ottoman Empire rewarding soldiers and officials with land and income

Question 10

Harem

Answer 10

the private living quarters of the Ottoman sultan, where women (wives, concubines, servants) lived

Question 11

Boyars

Answer 11

a member of the Russian nobility, often competing with the czar for power

Question 12

Nobility

Answer 12

the class of people with hereditary titles and privileges, often owning land and holding power

Question 13

Serf

Answer 13

a peasant legal tied to land and lord, especially in Russia and parts of Europe

Question 14

Penisulares

Answer 14

Spaniards born in Spain who held the highest positions in colonial Latin America

Question 15

Criollo

Answer 15

people of European (Spanish) descent born in the Americas, below the peninsulares in status

Question 16

Castas

Answer 16

social classes in colonial Latin America based on race and ancestry

Question 17

Mestizos

Answer 17

people of mixed European and indigenous American ancestry

Question 18

Mulattos

Answer 18

people of mixed Europeans and African ancestry

Question 19

Zambos

Answer 19

people of mixed indigenous American and African ancestry

Question 20

Barbary Pirates

Answer 20

pirates from North America who attacked ships and enslaved people in the Mediterranean

Question 21

Impressed

Answer 21

forced into service, often used for sailors captured and made to work on ships

Question 22

Queues

Answer 22

braided pigtail hairstyle required by the Qing Dynasty for Chinese men as a sign of loyalty

Question 23

Sephardic Jew

Answer 23

Jews whose ancestors lived in Spain and Portugal before being expelled in the late 1400s