A1: L

Question 1

Which of the following best defines the lymphatic system? A. A bidirectional circulatory system for blood and lymph. B. A unidirectional drainage and immune network. C. A system dedicated solely to the transport of oxygen. D. A closed-loop system for hormone distribution. [MCQ]

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Lymph is defined as ________ fluid that has entered lymphatic vessels. [Fill in the blank]

Answer 2

Interstitial

Question 3

Which of the following are considered components of the lymphatic system? A. Lymph nodes B. Spleen and thymus C. Arteries and arterioles D. Lymphatic capillaries and vessels [MRQ]

Answer 3

A; B; D

Question 4

Describe the primary functions of the lymphatic system regarding fluid and immune management. [FFQ]

Answer 4

Maintains fluid balance by returning excess interstitial fluid and plasma proteins; supports immune defence via filtration, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte activation.

Question 5

How are absorbed fats from the small intestine transported? A. Hepatic portal vein B. Lacteals as chyle C. Azygos vein D. Intestinal trunk [MCQ]

Answer 5

B

Question 6

In a lymph node, lymph moves from the subcapsular sinus into the ________ sinuses. [Fill in the blank]

Answer 6

Cortical

Question 7

Select areas drained by the thoracic duct. A. Both lower limbs B. Right head/neck C. Abdomen and pelvis D. Left upper limb [MRQ]

Answer 7

A; C; D

Question 8

Trace lymph flow through a lymph node. [FFQ]

Answer 8

Afferent vessels → subcapsular sinus → cortical sinuses → medullary sinuses → efferent vessel at hilum.

Question 9

At what level is the cisterna chyli located? A. T10–T11 B. T12–L1 C. L1–L2 D. L3–L4 [MCQ]

Answer 9

C

Question 10

The thoracic duct arises from the ________. [Fill in the blank]

Answer 10

Cisterna chyli

Question 11

Which trunks drain into the cisterna chyli? A. Lumbar trunks(left & right) B. Bronchomediastinal trunks C. Intestinal trunk D. Subclavian trunk [MRQ]

Answer 11

A; C

Question 12

Describe position of cisterna chyli. [FFQ]

Answer 12

Located at L1–L2, right of aorta, anterior to vertebral bodies, posterior to right crus of diaphragm.

Question 13

Thoracic duct enters thorax via which opening? A. T10 B. T12 aortic hiatus C. T8 D. L1 [MCQ]

Answer 13

B

Question 14

Thoracic duct ascends between aorta and ________ vein. [Fill in the blank]

Answer 14

Azygos

Question 15

Thoracic duct is posterior to which? A. Oesophagus B. Aortic arch C. Left subclavian artery D. Vertebral bodies [MRQ]

Answer 15

A; B; C

Question 16

Explain thoracic duct crossing. [FFQ]

Answer 16

Crosses from right to left at T4–T5, continues on left side.

Question 17

Where does thoracic duct terminate? A. Right venous angle B. SVC C. Left venous angle D. Left atrium [MCQ]

Answer 17

C

Question 18

Left venous angle = left internal jugular + ________. [Fill in the blank]

Answer 18

Left subclavian

Question 19

Right lymphatic duct drains which? A. Right arm B. Right head/neck C. Right thorax D. Right leg [MRQ]

Answer 19

A; B; C

Question 20

Compare right lymphatic vs thoracic duct. [FFQ]

Answer 20

Right drains upper right quadrant; thoracic drains rest of body.

Question 21

Right lymphatic duct empties into? A. Left venous angle B. Right venous angle C. Azygos D. Brachiocephalic [MCQ]

Answer 21

B

Question 22

Thoracic duct forms an ________ before termination. [Fill in the blank]

Answer 22

Arch

Question 23

Which are lymphoid organs? A. Tonsils B. Spleen C. Thymus D. Thyroid [MRQ]

Answer 23

A; B; C

Question 24

What happens if lymphatic vessels are blocked? [FFQ]

Answer 24

Fluid accumulates → oedema due to failure of drainage.

Question 25

Which vessel carries lymph away from node? A. Afferent B. Cortical C. Medullary D. Efferent [MCQ]

Answer 25

D

Question 26

Thoracic duct ascends ________ to vertebral bodies. [Fill in the blank]

Answer 26

Anterior

Question 27

Right venous angle formed by? A. Right Internal Jugular B. Right subclavian C. Brachiocephalic D. SVC [MRQ]

Answer 27

A; B

Question 28

Thoracic duct relation to oesophagus? [FFQ]

Answer 28

Runs posterior to oesophagus between it and vertebral bodies.

Question 29

Which trunk does NOT enter cisterna chyli? A. Right lumbar B. Left lumbar C. Intestinal D. Left subclavian [MCQ]

Answer 29

D

Question 30

Transported fat in lymph is called ________. [Fill in the blank]

Answer 30

Chyle

Question 31

Thoracic duct lies posterior to? A. Aortic arch B. Left subclavian artery C. Heart D. Lung [MRQ]

Answer 31

A; B

Question 32

Why is lymphatic flow unidirectional? [FFQ]

Answer 32

Flow is toward venous system only due to valves preventing backflow.

Question 33

Thoracic duct crosses at? A. T2–T3 B. T4–T5 C. T6–T7 D. T8–T9 [MCQ]

Answer 33

B

Question 34

Antigen presentation is part of ________ function. [Fill in the blank]

Answer 34

Immune defence

Question 35

Correct lymph sinus sequence? A. Subcapsular B. Cortical C. Medullary D. Efferent [MRQ]

Answer 35

A; B; C

Question 36

Define lymph. [FFQ]

Answer 36

Interstitial fluid within lymphatic vessels.

Question 37

Structure left of thoracic duct? A. Oesophagus B. Aorta C. Azygos D. Diaphragm [MCQ]

Answer 37

B

Question 38

Dilated start of thoracic duct is ________. [Fill in the blank]

Answer 38

Cisterna chyli

Question 39

Drained only by thoracic duct? A. Pelvis B. Abdomen C. Left thorax D. Right arm [MRQ]

Answer 39

A; B; C

Question 40

Summarize thoracic duct path. [FFQ]

Answer 40

It begins at the Cisterna chyli (L1–L2), enters the thorax via the aortic hiatus (T12), and ascends between the aorta and azygos vein. It crosses to the left at T4–T5, passes posterior to the aortic arch, and ends at the left venous angle in the neck