Anatomy Final

Question 1

what is achalasia

Answer 1

failure of paristalsis and relaxation of the sphincter

Question 2

main spot views with sialography

Answer 2

tangential (supine/prone) parotid perpndicluar to ir and lateral submandibular

Question 3

why control image for sialography

Answer 3

to look for radio-opaque calculi

Question 4

what is cannulized in an HSG

Answer 4

cervix

Question 5

what is the esophogeal tissue

Answer 5

involuntary smooth muscle and voluntary skeletal striated muscle

Question 6

barium filled stomach xray what do ap/pa and lao/rao/lpo/rpo do to the barium in the stomach?

Answer 6

PA - barium in body and pyloric section of the stomach (bottom not at spnhincter)
AP - barium in fundus and duodenum and duodenal bulb
Lat - spine in lateral (right puts it all in bottom, left puts it all in the fundus and top)
LPO - barium in fundus and drifting through the body, spine obliqued
RAO - barium in pylorus and duodenum and spine obliqued

Question 7

why double contrast for upper GI

Answer 7

smaller lesions are more obvious with air and contrast

Question 8

what are the body habitus types

Answer 8

hyper- super fat and high and transverse stomach
sthenic - little less high, more jshaped but not really
hyposthenic- stomach j-shaped but not long
asthenic - longggg stomach and very skinny j shaped

Question 9

why trendelenburg position for upper GI

Answer 9

to evaluate for a hiatal hernia

Question 10

why use water soluble contrast

Answer 10

in case of perforation it is safe – water soluble is more easily processed – good deliniation of the colon, filling is fast, not subject to drying

Question 11

duodenum is supported by what ligament

Answer 11

ligament of treitz

Question 12

what image demonstrates the transverse colon the best

Answer 12

AP/PA projection

Question 13

pathology: intussusception is what

Answer 13

when something telescopes into something else (small intestine into large intestine) seen with circle sign

Question 14

what is the ampulla vater… what ducts form it

Answer 14

pancreatic, and common bile

Question 15

When performing ERCP where does the catheter insert into

Answer 15

ampulla of vater– usually done to clean out stones

Question 16

cholangio means…

Answer 16

used to visualise the bile ducts, means that we are looking at the liver bile ducts

Question 17

moderate severe mild reactions to contrast

Answer 17

moderate reaction - tachycardia, hypertension, dyspnea, hypertension, wheezing, itching, vomit
severe - anaphylaxis, cardiac/resp crisis
mild- arm metallic taste, sneeze

Question 18

anterograde vs retrograde

Answer 18

antero goes with flow, retrograde goes against the flow

Question 19

bladder and lower ureter exam name

Question 20

retrograde does not demonstrate what

Answer 20

kidney function

Question 21

the functional unit of the kidney

Answer 21

nephron

Question 22

radiographic image shows what

Answer 22

retrograde - catheter in bladder
anterograde - no catheter per IV

Question 23

ovum is captured by what structure

Answer 23

drawn to fallopian tubes by fimbrae

Question 24

in the menstraul cycle what phase should xrays be taken

Answer 24

phase 1-10 days of cycle follicular

Question 25

cryptochidism

Answer 25

no testes in scrotum