Xray School Cards > Urinary system test > Flashcards

Urinary system test Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

Retention

A

action of holding onto urine in the bladder

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2
Q

micturition

A

release of urine from the bladder

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3
Q

polyuria

A

production of abnormally large volumes of urine

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4
Q

anuria

A

failure of the kidneys to produce urine

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5
Q

uremia and the condition that causes it

A

having urea in the blood

the condition is lithiasis or urolithiasis AKA kidney stones

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6
Q

three functions of kidney

plus 5 descriptive

A

filtration
reabsorption
secretion

Maintain fluid balance, electrolyte balance, calcium, blood pressure and removes waste products from blood

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7
Q

What does A WET BED stand for?

A

A- control ACID balance
W - control WATER balance
E - maintain ELECTROLYTE balance
T - remove TOXINS and waste from body
B - control BLOOD PRESSURE
E - producing the hormone ERYTHROPOIETIN
D - activating vitamin D

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8
Q

not part of urinary system

What does adrenal glands do

A

epinephrine (adrenaline) secretion
coritical hormone secretion which increases blood pressure.

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9
Q

The upper extended portion of the ureter is called

A

Renal pelvis

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10
Q

are the kidneys retroperitoneal?

A

yes

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11
Q

what is the hilum

A

place where blood vessels enter the kidney

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12
Q

what are the nephrons

A

filtration units with ducts and capillaries that filter, reabsorp, and secrete

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13
Q

what is the percutaneous renal puncture?

A

method to investigate renal cysts stones and tumors

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14
Q

what is hydronephrosis? what can cause it?

A

urine dilation of the renal pelvis, calyces
infundibula
calculi
neoplasm
pelvic tumors

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15
Q

Infections can spread through ureters into lymph, but what is the second pathway they can spread into?

A

called hematogenous dissemination
spreading through blood stream

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16
Q

what is cystitis?

A

lower urinary tract infection only involved in bladder and or urethra

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17
Q

Another name for adrenal gland

A

Suprarenal

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18
Q

Gland yhat sits on top of the kidney and its other name

A

Suprarenal (adrenal)

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19
Q

Medial opening of the kidney that lets arteries and veins and ureter in

A

Hilum

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20
Q

Superior kidney is located at what level?

A

T12

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21
Q

Microscopic unit of kidney

A

Nephron

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22
Q

Nephron units are found in the layer of renal tissue known as the…

A

Cortex

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23
Q

The proximal portion of a nephron consisting of a double-walled membranous cup is the…

A

Glomerular capsule

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24
Q

Cluster of blood capillaties surrounded by a bowman capsule

A

Glomerulus

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25
Glomerulus branches off the
Renal artery
26
Vessel entering the glomerular capsule is ... and the vessel leaving is the ...
Afferent atriole Efferent atriole
27
Liquid that goes from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule
Glomerular filtrate
28
Urine from collecting ducts drains into the
Calyces
29
Major calyces unite to form the expanded funnel shaped
Renal pelvis
30
VCUG
Voiding cystourogram
31
IVU
Intravenous urogram
32
BPH
Benign prostate hyperplasia
33
GFR
Glomerular filtration rate
34
Wilms tumor
Rare kidney cancer that mostly effects kids
35
Which urinary excretory duct conveys urine from the bladder to outside the body
Urethra
36
Nephron units are found in the layer of renal tissue known as the...
Cortex
37
The proximal portion of a nephron consisting of a double-walled membranous cup
Glomerular
38
A cluster of blood capillaries surrounded by a bowman capsule is a ...
Glomerulus
39
A glomerulus branches off the
Renal artery
40
The blood vessel entering a glomerular capsule is the... ateriole; the blood vessel leaving a glomerular capsule is the .... ateriole
Afferent Efferent
41
The fluid that passes from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule is the
Glomerular filtrate
42
Renal cell carcinoma
Malignant new growth in the kidney
43
Hydronephrosis
Distention of the renal pelvis and calyces with urine
44
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the capillary loops in the glomeruli of the kidneys
45
What is an excratory exam used to demonstrate the upper urinary tract?
Itravenous urography
46
What function of the ureters smooth muscles propels urine
Peristalsis
47
What is the most common urinary part that is prone to duplication
Ureters
48
Where does the Horseshoe kidney connect or fuse
Lower pool fusion, can cause drainage problems Fuses at bottom to form a U shape
49
What is percutaneous renal puncture
The method to investigate renal cysts via needle insertion into lesions
50
What is a Wilms tumor
A tumor usually in childhood called a neuroblastoma
51
The ureters enter what part of the bladder
Posterolateral Superior surface of the bladder
52
What are the causes of bilateral hydronephrosis (4)
Calculi neoplasm stricture obstruction and Trauma/ pelvic tumors
53
Calculus causes what
Urothilial carcinoma, hydronephrosis, lithiasis (uremia, hematuria, dysuria) upper urinary tract infections
54
What type of UTI is caused by running through the bloodstream from staph infections
Hematogenous dissemination
55
What is cystitis
Lower urinary tract infection only involving the bladder and or the urethra
56
Is not ionic or ionic media less likely to cause a reaction in the patient
Not ionic
57
Before giving IV contrast, what does the technologist need to do?
1 have the patient sign an informed consent 2 check creatinine lab values 3 check identifiers for correct patient and examination info 4 start IV
58
What is an anterograde filling technique
Contrast enters kidneys in the normal direction of blood flow Used for upper urinary tract
59
What is the retrograde technique for the lower urinary tract
Contrast introduced against the normal flow usually via urethral catheterization
60
What type of catheter is used for a retrograde study
Foley
61
What do retrograde studies not demonstrate
Kidney function
62
What does an antero grade study technique look like on an X-ray
Looks like the bladder full and kidneys filling and visibly seen but no catheter or needle scene
63
What does the retrograde technique look like on an X-ray
It looks like one or both of the kidneys is filling with contrast but you also see a catheter and or insertion in the bladder
64
What degree is the patient rotation for an oblique
30°
65
Intravenous urography
Geography done via venipuncture pictures are taken every 3 to 20 minutes to see the process of filtration
66
What exam is an exam that investigates the bladder lower ureters and urethra
Cystourethrography
67
What are the different projections for the urinary system
AP (KUB) AP oblique RPO or lpo Lateral right or left Lateral dorsal tocubus
68
What does the AP oblique show
Elevated kidney parallel with ir and downside kidney is perpendicular
69
What does the lateral position show
Shows rotation or displacement of a kidney and helps localize calcaneus areas and tumor masses
70
What is the degree angle for an AP or PA axial bladder
10 to 15° caudal centering 2 in above the pubic surface
71
What is the name for the patient position where the patient's leg is in stirrups and the patient is lying down on the table supine
Modified lithotomy position
72
Does the number or Gage get bigger or smaller as the diameter of the needle gets bigger or smaller
The gauge number gets bigger and the diameter gets bigger
73
Standard PPE for venipuncture
Gloves, mask, and safety glasses
74
What is the best disposal technique for a needle
One hand technique
75
How do you know if an x-ray of an abdomen is rotated
Tilting of the Forum and Magnum, or oblique of the spine and Scotty dogs
76
Obstruction of the ureter shows as
Dilation of the ureter
77
Mild reactions to contrast
Sensation of warmth, metallic taste, sneezing
78
Moderate reaction signs
Nausea, vomiting, itching, wheezing, hypertension
79
Severe reaction signs
Anaphylactic reaction, cardiac event, respiratory crisis
80
What could be possible contradictions to using contrast
Creatinine levels higher than 2 mg or 1.6 Elevated bun Diabetes Pregnancy History of contrast reactions
81
True or false the adrenal glands have a functional relation with the renal system but are not part of it
True
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